.. _ref-gis-install:

======================
GeoDjango Installation
======================

.. highlight:: console

Overview
========
In general, GeoDjango installation requires:

1. :ref:`Python and Django <django>`
2. :ref:`spatial_database`
3. :ref:`geospatial_libs`

Details for each of the requirements and installation instructions
are provided in the sections below.   In addition, platform-specific
instructions are available for:

* :ref:`macosx`
* :ref:`ubuntudebian`
* :ref:`windows`

.. admonition:: Use the Source

    Because GeoDjango takes advantage of the latest in the open source geospatial
    software technology, recent versions of the libraries are necessary.
    If binary packages aren't available for your platform,
    :ref:`installation from source <build_from_source>`
    may be required. When compiling the libraries from source, please follow the
    directions closely, especially if you're a beginner.

Requirements
============

.. _django:

Python and Django
-----------------

Because GeoDjango is included with Django, please refer to Django's
:ref:`installation instructions <installing-official-release>` for details on
how to install.


.. _spatial_database:

Spatial database
----------------
PostgreSQL (with PostGIS), MySQL, Oracle, and SQLite (with SpatiaLite) are
the spatial databases currently supported.

.. note::

    PostGIS is recommended, because it is the most mature and feature-rich
    open source spatial database.

The geospatial libraries required for a GeoDjango installation depends
on the spatial database used.  The following lists the library requirements,
supported versions, and any notes for each of the supported database backends:

==================  ==============================  ==================  =========================================
Database            Library Requirements            Supported Versions  Notes
==================  ==============================  ==================  =========================================
PostgreSQL          GEOS, PROJ.4, PostGIS           8.1+                Requires PostGIS.
MySQL               GEOS                            5.x                 Not OGC-compliant; limited functionality.
Oracle              GEOS                            10.2, 11            XE not supported; not tested with 9.
SQLite              GEOS, GDAL, PROJ.4, SpatiaLite  3.6.+               Requires SpatiaLite 2.3+, pysqlite2 2.5+
==================  ==============================  ==================  =========================================

.. _geospatial_libs:

Geospatial libraries
--------------------
GeoDjango uses and/or provides interfaces for the following open source
geospatial libraries:

========================  ====================================  ================================  ==========================
Program                   Description                           Required                          Supported Versions
========================  ====================================  ================================  ==========================
:ref:`GEOS <ref-geos>`    Geometry Engine Open Source           Yes                               3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 3.0
`PROJ.4`_                 Cartographic Projections library      Yes (PostgreSQL and SQLite only)  4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, 4.4
:ref:`GDAL <ref-gdal>`    Geospatial Data Abstraction Library   No (but, required for SQLite)     1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5
:ref:`GeoIP <ref-geoip>`  IP-based geolocation library          No                                1.4
`PostGIS`__               Spatial extensions for PostgreSQL     Yes (PostgreSQL only)             1.5, 1.4, 1.3
`SpatiaLite`__            Spatial extensions for SQLite         Yes (SQLite only)                 3.0, 2.4, 2.3
========================  ====================================  ================================  ==========================

.. admonition::  Install GDAL

    While :ref:`gdalbuild` is technically not required, it is *recommended*.
    Important features of GeoDjango (including the :ref:`ref-layermapping`,
    geometry reprojection, and the geographic admin) depend on its
    functionality.

.. note::

    The GeoDjango interfaces to GEOS, GDAL, and GeoIP may be used
    independently of Django.  In other words, no database or settings file
    required -- just import them as normal from :mod:`django.contrib.gis`.

.. _PROJ.4: http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/
__ http://postgis.refractions.net/
__ http://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/

.. _build_from_source:

Building from source
====================

When installing from source on UNIX and GNU/Linux systems, please follow
the installation instructions carefully, and install the libraries in the
given order.  If using MySQL or Oracle as the spatial database, only GEOS
is required.

.. note::

   On Linux platforms, it may be necessary to run the ``ldconfig``
   command after installing each library.  For example::

       $ sudo make install
       $ sudo ldconfig

.. note::

    OS X users are required to install `Apple Developer Tools`_ in order
    to compile software from source.  This is typically included on your
    OS X installation DVDs.

.. _Apple Developer Tools: https://developer.apple.com/technologies/tools/

.. _geosbuild:

GEOS
----

GEOS is a C++ library for performing geometric operations, and is the default
internal geometry representation used by GeoDjango (it's behind the "lazy"
geometries).  Specifically, the C API library is called (e.g., ``libgeos_c.so``)
directly from Python using ctypes.

First, download GEOS 3.3.5 from the refractions Web site and untar the source
archive::

    $ wget http://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.3.5.tar.bz2
    $ tar xjf geos-3.3.5.tar.bz2

Next, change into the directory where GEOS was unpacked, run the configure
script, compile, and install::

    $ cd geos-3.3.5
    $ ./configure
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

Troubleshooting
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Can't find GEOS library
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When GeoDjango can't find GEOS, this error is raised:

.. code-block:: text

    ImportError: Could not find the GEOS library (tried "geos_c"). Try setting GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings.

The most common solution is to properly configure your :ref:`libsettings` *or* set
:ref:`geoslibrarypath` in your settings.

If using a binary package of GEOS (e.g., on Ubuntu), you may need to :ref:`binutils`.

.. _geoslibrarypath:

``GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If your GEOS library is in a non-standard location, or you don't want to
modify the system's library path then the :setting:`GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH`
setting may be added to your Django settings file with the full path to the
GEOS C library.  For example:

.. code-block:: python

    GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = '/home/bob/local/lib/libgeos_c.so'

.. note::

    The setting must be the *full* path to the **C** shared library; in
    other words you want to use ``libgeos_c.so``, not ``libgeos.so``.

See also :ref:`My logs are filled with GEOS-related errors <geos-exceptions-in-logfile>`.

.. _proj4:

PROJ.4
------

`PROJ.4`_ is a library for converting geospatial data to different coordinate
reference systems.

First, download the PROJ.4 source code and datum shifting files [#]_::

    $ wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-4.8.0.tar.gz
    $ wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.5.tar.gz

Next, untar the source code archive, and extract the datum shifting files in the
``nad`` subdirectory.  This must be done *prior* to configuration::

    $ tar xzf proj-4.8.0.tar.gz
    $ cd proj-4.8.0/nad
    $ tar xzf ../../proj-datumgrid-1.5.tar.gz
    $ cd ..

Finally, configure, make and install PROJ.4::

    $ ./configure
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

.. _postgis:

PostGIS
-------

`PostGIS`__ adds geographic object support to PostgreSQL, turning it
into a spatial database. :ref:`geosbuild` and :ref:`proj4` should be
installed prior to building PostGIS.

.. note::

    The `psycopg2`_ module is required for use as the database adaptor
    when using GeoDjango with PostGIS.

.. _psycopg2: http://initd.org/psycopg/

First download the source archive, and extract::

    $ wget http://postgis.refractions.net/download/postgis-1.5.5.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf postgis-1.5.5.tar.gz
    $ cd postgis-1.5.5

Next, configure, make and install PostGIS::

    $ ./configure

Finally, make and install::

    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

.. note::

    GeoDjango does not automatically create a spatial database.  Please
    consult the section on :ref:`spatialdb_template` for more information.

__ http://postgis.refractions.net/

.. _gdalbuild:

GDAL
----

`GDAL`__ is an excellent open source geospatial library that has support for
reading most vector and raster spatial data formats.  Currently, GeoDjango only
supports :ref:`GDAL's vector data <ref-gdal>` capabilities [#]_.
:ref:`geosbuild` and :ref:`proj4` should be installed prior to building GDAL.

First download the latest GDAL release version and untar the archive::

    $ wget http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/gdal-1.9.1.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf gdal-1.9.1.tar.gz
    $ cd gdal-1.9.1

Configure, make and install::

    $ ./configure
    $ make # Go get some coffee, this takes a while.
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

.. note::

   Because GeoDjango has it's own Python interface, the preceding instructions
   do not build GDAL's own Python bindings.  The bindings may be built by
   adding the ``--with-python`` flag when running ``configure``.  See
   `GDAL/OGR In Python`__ for more information on GDAL's bindings.

If you have any problems, please see the troubleshooting section below for
suggestions and solutions.

__ http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/
__ http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/wiki/GdalOgrInPython

.. _gdaltrouble:

Troubleshooting
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Can't find GDAL library
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When GeoDjango can't find the GDAL library, the ``HAS_GDAL`` flag
will be false:

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> from django.contrib.gis import gdal
    >>> gdal.HAS_GDAL
    False

The solution is to properly configure your :ref:`libsettings` *or* set
:ref:`gdallibrarypath` in your settings.

.. _gdallibrarypath:

``GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If your GDAL library is in a non-standard location, or you don't want to
modify the system's library path then the :setting:`GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH`
setting may be added to your Django settings file with the full path to
the GDAL library.  For example:

.. code-block:: python

    GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = '/home/sue/local/lib/libgdal.so'

.. _gdaldata:

Can't find GDAL data files (``GDAL_DATA``)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When installed from source, GDAL versions 1.5.1 and below have an autoconf bug
that places data in the wrong location. [#]_   This can lead to error messages
like this:

.. code-block:: text

    ERROR 4: Unable to open EPSG support file gcs.csv.
    ...
    OGRException: OGR failure.

The solution is to set the ``GDAL_DATA`` environment variable to the location of the
GDAL data files before invoking Python  (typically ``/usr/local/share``; use
``gdal-config --datadir`` to find out). For example::

    $ export GDAL_DATA=`gdal-config --datadir`
    $ python manage.py shell

If using Apache, you may need to add this environment variable to your configuration
file:

.. code-block:: apache

    SetEnv GDAL_DATA /usr/local/share

.. _spatialite:

SpatiaLite
----------

.. note::

   Mac OS X users should follow the instructions in the :ref:`kyngchaos` section,
   as it is much easier than building from source.

`SpatiaLite`__ adds spatial support to SQLite, turning it into a full-featured
spatial database.  Because SpatiaLite has special requirements, it typically
requires SQLite and pysqlite2 (the Python SQLite DB-API adaptor) to be built from
source.  :ref:`geosbuild` and :ref:`proj4` should be installed prior to building
SpatiaLite.

After installation is complete, don't forget to read the post-installation
docs on :ref:`create_spatialite_db`.

__ http://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/

.. _sqlite:

SQLite
^^^^^^

Typically, SQLite packages are not compiled to include the `R*Tree module`__ --
thus it must be compiled from source.  First download the latest amalgamation
source archive from the `SQLite download page`__, and extract::

    $ wget http://sqlite.org/sqlite-amalgamation-3.6.23.1.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf sqlite-amalgamation-3.6.23.1.tar.gz
    $ cd sqlite-3.6.23.1

Next, run the ``configure`` script -- however the ``CFLAGS`` environment variable
needs to be customized so that SQLite knows to build the R*Tree module::

    $ CFLAGS="-DSQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE=1" ./configure
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

.. note::

    If using Ubuntu, installing a newer SQLite from source can be very difficult
    because it links to the existing ``libsqlite3.so`` in ``/usr/lib`` which
    many other packages depend on.  Unfortunately, the best solution at this time
    is to overwrite the existing library by adding ``--prefix=/usr`` to the
    ``configure`` command.

__ http://www.sqlite.org/rtree.html
__ http://www.sqlite.org/download.html

.. _spatialitebuild :

SpatiaLite library (``libspatialite``) and tools (``spatialite``)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

After SQLite has been built with the R*Tree module enabled, get the latest
SpatiaLite library source and tools bundle from the `download page`__::

    $ wget http://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/libspatialite-sources/libspatialite-amalgamation-2.3.1.tar.gz
    $ wget http://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite-tools-sources/spatialite-tools-2.3.1.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf libspatialite-amalgamation-2.3.1.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf spatialite-tools-2.3.1.tar.gz

Prior to attempting to build, please read the important notes below to see if
customization of the ``configure`` command is necessary.  If not, then run the
``configure`` script, make, and install for the SpatiaLite library::

    $ cd libspatialite-amalgamation-2.3.1
    $ ./configure # May need to modified, see notes below.
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

Finally, do the same for the SpatiaLite tools::

    $ cd spatialite-tools-2.3.1
    $ ./configure # May need to modified, see notes below.
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    $ cd ..

.. note::

    If you've installed GEOS and PROJ.4 from binary packages, you will have to specify
    their paths when running the ``configure`` scripts for *both* the library and the
    tools (the configure scripts look, by default, in ``/usr/local``).  For example,
    on Debian/Ubuntu distributions that have GEOS and PROJ.4 packages, the command would be::

       $ ./configure --with-proj-include=/usr/include --with-proj-lib=/usr/lib --with-geos-include=/usr/include --with-geos-lib=/usr/lib

.. note::

    For Mac OS X users building from source, the SpatiaLite library *and* tools
    need to have their ``target`` configured::

        $ ./configure --target=macosx

__ http://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/libspatialite-sources/

.. _pysqlite2:

pysqlite2
^^^^^^^^^

Because SpatiaLite must be loaded as an external extension, it requires the
``enable_load_extension`` method, which is only available in versions 2.5+ of
pysqlite2. Thus, download pysqlite2 2.6, and untar::

    $ wget http://pysqlite.googlecode.com/files/pysqlite-2.6.0.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf pysqlite-2.6.0.tar.gz
    $ cd pysqlite-2.6.0

Next, use a text editor (e.g., ``emacs`` or ``vi``) to edit the ``setup.cfg`` file
to look like the following:

.. code-block:: ini

    [build_ext]
    #define=
    include_dirs=/usr/local/include
    library_dirs=/usr/local/lib
    libraries=sqlite3
    #define=SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION

.. note::

    The important thing here is to make sure you comment out the
    ``define=SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION`` flag and that the ``include_dirs``
    and ``library_dirs`` settings are uncommented and set to the appropriate
    path if the SQLite header files and libraries are not in ``/usr/include``
    and ``/usr/lib``, respectively.

After modifying ``setup.cfg`` appropriately, then run the ``setup.py`` script
to build and install::

    $ sudo python setup.py install

Post-installation
=================

.. _spatialdb_template:

Creating a spatial database template for PostGIS
------------------------------------------------

Creating a spatial database with PostGIS is different than normal because
additional SQL must be loaded to enable spatial functionality.  Because of
the steps in this process, it's better to create a database template that
can be reused later.

First, you need to be able to execute the commands as a privileged database
user.  For example, you can use the following to become the ``postgres`` user::

    $ sudo su - postgres

.. note::

   The location *and* name of the PostGIS SQL files (e.g., from
   ``POSTGIS_SQL_PATH`` below) depends on the version of PostGIS.
   PostGIS versions 1.3 and below use ``<pg_sharedir>/contrib/lwpostgis.sql``;
   whereas version 1.4 uses ``<sharedir>/contrib/postgis.sql`` and
   version 1.5 uses ``<sharedir>/contrib/postgis-1.5/postgis.sql``.

   To complicate matters, :ref:`ubuntudebian` distributions have their
   own separate directory naming system that changes each release.

   The example below assumes PostGIS 1.5, thus you may need to modify
   ``POSTGIS_SQL_PATH`` and the name of the SQL file for the specific
   version of PostGIS you are using.

Once you're a database super user, then you may execute the following commands
to create a PostGIS spatial database template::

    $ POSTGIS_SQL_PATH=`pg_config --sharedir`/contrib/postgis-1.5
    # Creating the template spatial database.
    $ createdb -E UTF8 template_postgis
    $ createlang -d template_postgis plpgsql # Adding PLPGSQL language support.
    # Allows non-superusers the ability to create from this template
    $ psql -d postgres -c "UPDATE pg_database SET datistemplate='true' WHERE datname='template_postgis';"
    # Loading the PostGIS SQL routines
    $ psql -d template_postgis -f $POSTGIS_SQL_PATH/postgis.sql
    $ psql -d template_postgis -f $POSTGIS_SQL_PATH/spatial_ref_sys.sql
    # Enabling users to alter spatial tables.
    $ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON geometry_columns TO PUBLIC;"
    $ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON geography_columns TO PUBLIC;"
    $ psql -d template_postgis -c "GRANT ALL ON spatial_ref_sys TO PUBLIC;"

These commands may be placed in a shell script for later use; for convenience
the following scripts are available:

===============  =============================================
PostGIS version  Bash shell script
===============  =============================================
1.3              :download:`create_template_postgis-1.3.sh`
1.4              :download:`create_template_postgis-1.4.sh`
1.5              :download:`create_template_postgis-1.5.sh`
Debian/Ubuntu    :download:`create_template_postgis-debian.sh`
===============  =============================================

Afterwards, you may create a spatial database by simply specifying
``template_postgis`` as the template to use (via the ``-T`` option)::

    $ createdb -T template_postgis <db name>

.. note::

    While the ``createdb`` command does not require database super-user privileges,
    it must be executed by a database user that has permissions to create databases.
    You can create such a user with the following command::

        $ createuser --createdb <user>

.. _create_spatialite_db:

Creating a spatial database for SpatiaLite
------------------------------------------

After you've installed SpatiaLite, you'll need to create a number of spatial
metadata tables in your database in order to perform spatial queries.

If you're using SpatiaLite 2.4 or newer, use the ``spatialite`` utility to
call the ``InitSpatialMetaData()`` function, like this::

   $ spatialite geodjango.db "SELECT InitSpatialMetaData();"
   the SPATIAL_REF_SYS table already contains some row(s)
    InitSpatiaMetaData ()error:"table spatial_ref_sys already exists"
   0

You can safely ignore the error messages shown. When you've done this, you can
skip the rest of this section.

If you're using SpatiaLite 2.3, you'll need to download a
database-initialization file and execute its SQL queries in your database.

First, get it from the `SpatiaLite Resources`__ page::

   $ wget http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite-2.3.1/init_spatialite-2.3.sql.gz
   $ gunzip init_spatialite-2.3.sql.gz

Then, use the ``spatialite`` command to initialize a spatial database::

   $ spatialite geodjango.db < init_spatialite-2.3.sql

.. note::

    The parameter ``geodjango.db`` is the *filename* of the SQLite database
    you want to use.  Use the same in the :setting:`DATABASES` ``"name"`` key
    inside your ``settings.py``.

__ http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite-2.3.1/resources.html

Add ``django.contrib.gis`` to :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`
-------------------------------------------------------

Like other Django contrib applications, you will *only* need to add
:mod:`django.contrib.gis` to :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` in your settings.
This is the so that ``gis`` templates can be located -- if not done, then
features such as the geographic admin or KML sitemaps will not function properly.

.. _addgoogleprojection:

Add Google projection to ``spatial_ref_sys`` table
--------------------------------------------------

.. note::

    If you're running PostGIS 1.4 or above, you can skip this step. The entry
    is already included in the default ``spatial_ref_sys`` table.

In order to conduct database transformations to the so-called "Google"
projection (a spherical mercator projection used by Google Maps),
an entry must be added to your spatial database's ``spatial_ref_sys`` table.
Invoke the Django shell from your project and execute the
``add_srs_entry`` function:

.. code-block:: pycon

    $ python manage shell
    >>> from django.contrib.gis.utils import add_srs_entry
    >>> add_srs_entry(900913)

This adds an entry for the 900913 SRID to the ``spatial_ref_sys`` (or equivalent)
table, making it possible for the spatial database to transform coordinates in
this projection.  You only need to execute this command *once* per spatial database.

Troubleshooting
===============

If you can't find the solution to your problem here then participate in the
community!  You can:

* Join the ``#geodjango`` IRC channel on FreeNode. Please be patient and polite
  -- while you may not get an immediate response, someone will attempt to answer
  your question as soon as they see it.
* Ask your question on the `GeoDjango`__ mailing list.
* File a ticket on the `Django trac`__ if you think there's a bug.  Make
  sure to provide a complete description of the problem, versions used,
  and specify the component as "GIS".

__ http://groups.google.com/group/geodjango
__ https://code.djangoproject.com/newticket

.. _libsettings:

Library environment settings
----------------------------

By far, the most common problem when installing GeoDjango is that the
external shared libraries (e.g., for GEOS and GDAL) cannot be located. [#]_
Typically, the cause of this problem is that the operating system isn't aware
of the directory where the libraries built from source were installed.

In general, the library path may be set on a per-user basis by setting
an environment variable, or by configuring the library path for the entire
system.

``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` environment variable
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

A user may set this environment variable to customize the library paths
they want to use.  The typical library directory for software
built from source is ``/usr/local/lib``.  Thus, ``/usr/local/lib`` needs
to be included in the ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` variable.  For example, the user
could place the following in their bash profile::

    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

Setting system library path
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

On GNU/Linux systems, there is typically a file in ``/etc/ld.so.conf``, which may include
additional paths from files in another directory, such as ``/etc/ld.so.conf.d``.
As the root user, add the custom library path (like ``/usr/local/lib``) on a
new line in ``ld.so.conf``.  This is *one* example of how to do so::

    $ sudo echo /usr/local/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf
    $ sudo ldconfig

For OpenSolaris users, the system library path may be modified using the
``crle`` utility.  Run ``crle`` with no options to see the current configuration
and use ``crle -l`` to set with the new library path.  Be *very* careful when
modifying the system library path::

    # crle -l $OLD_PATH:/usr/local/lib

.. _binutils:

Install ``binutils``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

GeoDjango uses the ``find_library`` function (from the ``ctypes.util`` Python
module) to discover libraries.  The ``find_library`` routine uses a program
called ``objdump`` (part of the ``binutils`` package) to verify a shared
library on GNU/Linux systems.  Thus, if ``binutils`` is not installed on your
Linux system then Python's ctypes may not be able to find your library even if
your library path is set correctly and geospatial libraries were built perfectly.

The ``binutils`` package may be installed on Debian and Ubuntu systems using the
following command::

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils

Similarly, on Red Hat and CentOS systems::

    $ sudo yum install binutils

Platform-specific instructions
==============================

.. _macosx:

Mac OS X
--------

Because of the variety of packaging systems available for OS X, users have
several different options for installing GeoDjango. These options are:

* :ref:`homebrew`
* :ref:`kyngchaos`
* :ref:`fink`
* :ref:`macports`
* :ref:`build_from_source`

.. note::

    Currently, the easiest and recommended approach for installing GeoDjango
    on OS X is to use the KyngChaos packages.

This section also includes instructions for installing an upgraded version
of :ref:`macosx_python` from packages provided by the Python Software
Foundation, however, this is not required.

.. _macosx_python:

Python
^^^^^^

Although OS X comes with Python installed, users can use framework
installers (`2.6`__ and `2.7`__ are available) provided by
the Python Software Foundation.  An advantage to using the installer is
that OS X's Python will remain "pristine" for internal operating system
use.

__ http://python.org/ftp/python/2.6.6/python-2.6.6-macosx10.3.dmg
__ http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/

.. note::

    You will need to modify the ``PATH`` environment variable in your
    ``.profile`` file so that the new version of Python is used when
    ``python`` is entered at the command-line::

        export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin:$PATH

.. _homebrew:

Homebrew
^^^^^^^^

`Homebrew`__ provides "recipes" for building binaries and packages from source.
It provides recipes for the GeoDjango prerequisites on Macintosh computers
running OS X. Because Homebrew still builds the software from source, the
`Apple Developer Tools`_ are required.

Summary::

    $ brew install postgresql
    $ brew install postgis
    $ brew install gdal
    $ brew install libgeoip

__ http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew/

.. _kyngchaos:

KyngChaos packages
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

William Kyngesburye provides a number of `geospatial library binary packages`__
that make it simple to get GeoDjango installed on OS X without compiling
them from source.  However, the `Apple Developer Tools`_ are still necessary
for compiling the Python database adapters :ref:`psycopg2_kyngchaos` (for PostGIS)
and :ref:`pysqlite2_kyngchaos` (for SpatiaLite).

.. note::

    SpatiaLite users should consult the :ref:`spatialite_kyngchaos` section
    after installing the packages for additional instructions.

Download the framework packages for:

* UnixImageIO
* PROJ
* GEOS
* SQLite3 (includes the SpatiaLite library)
* GDAL

Install the packages in the order they are listed above, as the GDAL and SQLite
packages require the packages listed before them.

Afterwards, you can also install the KyngChaos binary packages for `PostgreSQL
and PostGIS`__.

After installing the binary packages, you'll want to add the following to
your ``.profile`` to be able to run the package programs from the command-line::

    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/UnixImageIO.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/PROJ.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/GEOS.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/GDAL.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH

__ http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/frameworks
__ http://www.kyngchaos.com/software/postgres

.. _psycopg2_kyngchaos:

psycopg2
~~~~~~~~

After you've installed the KyngChaos binaries and modified your ``PATH``, as
described above, ``psycopg2`` may be installed using the following command::

    $ sudo pip install psycopg2

.. note::

    If you don't have ``pip``, follow the the :ref:`installation instructions
    <installing-official-release>` to install it.

.. _pysqlite2_kyngchaos:

pysqlite2
~~~~~~~~~

Follow the :ref:`pysqlite2` source install instructions, however,
when editing the ``setup.cfg`` use the following instead:

.. code-block:: ini

    [build_ext]
    #define=
    include_dirs=/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/unix/include
    library_dirs=/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/unix/lib
    libraries=sqlite3
    #define=SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION

.. _spatialite_kyngchaos:

SpatiaLite
~~~~~~~~~~

When :ref:`create_spatialite_db`, the ``spatialite`` program is required.
However, instead of attempting to compile the SpatiaLite tools from source,
download the `SpatiaLite Binaries`__ for OS X, and install ``spatialite`` in a
location available in your ``PATH``.  For example::

    $ curl -O http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/spatialite-tools-osx-x86-2.3.1.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf spatialite-tools-osx-x86-2.3.1.tar.gz
    $ cd spatialite-tools-osx-x86-2.3.1/bin
    $ sudo cp spatialite /Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/Programs

Finally, for GeoDjango to be able to find the KyngChaos SpatiaLite library,
add the following to your ``settings.py``:

.. code-block:: python

    SPATIALITE_LIBRARY_PATH='/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/SQLite3'

__ http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite-2.3.1/binaries.html

.. _fink:

Fink
^^^^

`Kurt Schwehr`__ has been gracious enough to create GeoDjango packages for users
of the `Fink`__ package system.  The following packages are available, depending
on which version of Python you want to use:

* ``django-gis-py26``
* ``django-gis-py25``
* ``django-gis-py24``

__ http://schwehr.org/blog/
__ http://www.finkproject.org/

.. _macports:

MacPorts
^^^^^^^^

`MacPorts`__ may be used to install GeoDjango prerequisites on Macintosh
computers running OS X.  Because MacPorts still builds the software from source,
the `Apple Developer Tools`_ are required.

Summary::

    $ sudo port install postgresql83-server
    $ sudo port install geos
    $ sudo port install proj
    $ sudo port install postgis
    $ sudo port install gdal +geos
    $ sudo port install libgeoip

.. note::

    You will also have to modify the ``PATH`` in your ``.profile`` so
    that the MacPorts programs are accessible from the command-line::

        export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/lib/postgresql83/bin

    In addition, add the ``DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH`` setting so that
    the libraries can be found by Python::

        export DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/lib:/opt/local/lib/postgresql83

__ http://www.macports.org/

.. _ubuntudebian:

Ubuntu & Debian GNU/Linux
-------------------------

.. note::

    The PostGIS SQL files are not placed in the PostgreSQL share directory in
    the Debian and Ubuntu packages. Instead, they're located in a special
    directory depending on the release. In this case, use the
    :download:`create_template_postgis-debian.sh` script

.. _ubuntu:

Ubuntu
^^^^^^

11.10 through 12.04
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

In Ubuntu 11.10, PostgreSQL was upgraded to 9.1. The installation command is:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils gdal-bin libproj-dev \
         postgresql-9.1-postgis postgresql-server-dev-9.1 python-psycopg2

.. _ubuntu10:

10.04 through 11.04
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

In Ubuntu 10.04, PostgreSQL was upgraded to 8.4 and GDAL was upgraded to 1.6.
Ubuntu 10.04 uses PostGIS 1.4, while Ubuntu 10.10 uses PostGIS 1.5 (with
geography support).  The installation command is:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils gdal-bin libproj-dev postgresql-8.4-postgis \
         postgresql-server-dev-8.4 python-psycopg2

.. _ibex:

8.10
~~~~

Use the synaptic package manager to install the following packages:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils gdal-bin postgresql-8.3-postgis \
        postgresql-server-dev-8.3 python-psycopg2

That's it!  For the curious, the required binary prerequisites packages are:

* ``binutils``: for ctypes to find libraries
* ``postgresql-8.3``
* ``postgresql-server-dev-8.3``: for ``pg_config``
* ``postgresql-8.3-postgis``: for PostGIS 1.3.3
* ``libgeos-3.0.0``, and ``libgeos-c1``: for GEOS 3.0.0
* ``libgdal1-1.5.0``: for GDAL 1.5.0 library
* ``proj``: for PROJ 4.6.0 -- but no datum shifting files, see note below
* ``python-psycopg2``

Optional packages to consider:

* ``libgeoip1``: for :ref:`GeoIP <ref-geoip>` support
* ``gdal-bin``: for GDAL command line programs like ``ogr2ogr``
* ``python-gdal`` for GDAL's own Python bindings -- includes interfaces for raster manipulation

.. note::

    On this version of Ubuntu the ``proj`` package does not come with the
    datum shifting files installed, which will cause problems with the
    geographic admin because the ``null`` datum grid is not available for
    transforming geometries to the spherical mercator projection. A solution
    is to download the datum-shifting files, create the grid file, and
    install it yourself:

    .. code-block:: bash

        $ wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.4.tar.gz
        $ mkdir nad
        $ cd nad
        $ tar xzf ../proj-datumgrid-1.4.tar.gz
        $ nad2bin null < null.lla
        $ sudo cp null /usr/share/proj

    Otherwise, the Ubuntu ``proj`` package is fine for general use as long as you
    do not plan on doing any database transformation of geometries to the
    Google projection (900913).

.. _debian:

Debian
------

.. _lenny:

5.0 (Lenny)
^^^^^^^^^^^

This version is comparable to Ubuntu :ref:`ibex`, so the command
is very similar:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils libgdal1-1.5.0 postgresql-8.3 \
        postgresql-8.3-postgis postgresql-server-dev-8.3 \
        python-psycopg2 python-setuptools

This assumes that you are using PostgreSQL version 8.3. Else, replace ``8.3``
in the above command with the appropriate PostgreSQL version.

.. note::

   Please read the note in the Ubuntu :ref:`ibex` install documentation
   about the ``proj`` package -- it also applies here because the package does
   not include the datum shifting files.

.. _post_install:

Post-installation notes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If the PostgreSQL database cluster was not initiated after installing, then it
can be created (and started) with the following command:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ sudo pg_createcluster --start 8.3 main

Afterwards, the ``/etc/init.d/postgresql-8.3`` script should be used to manage
the starting and stopping of PostgreSQL.

In addition, the SQL files for PostGIS are placed in a different location on
Debian 5.0 . Thus when :ref:`spatialdb_template` either:

* Create a symbolic link to these files:

  .. code-block:: bash

    $ sudo ln -s /usr/share/postgresql-8.3-postgis/{lwpostgis,spatial_ref_sys}.sql \
        /usr/share/postgresql/8.3

  If not running PostgreSQL 8.3, then  replace ``8.3`` in the command above with
  the correct version.

* Or use the :download:`create_template_postgis-debian.sh` to create the spatial database.

.. _windows:

Windows
-------

Proceed through the following sections sequentially in order to install
GeoDjango on Windows.

.. note::

    These instructions assume that you are using 32-bit versions of
    all programs.  While 64-bit versions of Python and PostgreSQL 9.0
    are available, 64-bit versions of spatial libraries, like
    GEOS and GDAL, are not yet provided by the :ref:`OSGeo4W` installer.

Python
^^^^^^

First, download the latest `Python 2.7 installer`__ from the Python Web site.
Next, run the installer and keep the defaults -- for example, keep
'Install for all users' checked and the installation path set as
``C:\Python27``.

.. note::

    You may already have a version of Python installed in ``C:\python`` as ESRI
    products sometimes install a copy there.  *You should still install a
    fresh version of Python 2.7.*

__ http://python.org/download/

PostgreSQL
^^^^^^^^^^

First, download the latest `PostgreSQL 9.0 installer`__ from the
`EnterpriseDB`__ Web site.  After downloading, simply run the installer,
follow the on-screen directions, and keep the default options unless
you know the consequences of changing them.

.. note::

    The PostgreSQL installer creates both a new Windows user to be the
    'postgres service account' and a ``postgres`` database superuser
    You will be prompted once to set the password for both accounts --
    make sure to remember it!

When the installer completes, it will ask to launch the Application Stack
Builder (ASB) on exit -- keep this checked, as it is necessary to
install :ref:`postgisasb`.

.. note::

    If installed successfully, the PostgreSQL server will run in the
    background each time the system as started as a Windows service.
    A :menuselection:`PostgreSQL 9.0` start menu group will created
    and contains shortcuts for the ASB as well as the 'SQL Shell',
    which will launch a ``psql`` command window.

__ http://www.enterprisedb.com/products-services-training/pgdownload
__ http://www.enterprisedb.com

.. _postgisasb:

PostGIS
^^^^^^^

From within the Application Stack Builder (to run outside of the installer,
:menuselection:`Start --> Programs --> PostgreSQL 9.0`), select
:menuselection:`PostgreSQL Database Server 9.0 on port 5432` from the drop down
menu.  Next, expand the :menuselection:`Categories --> Spatial Extensions` menu
tree and select :menuselection:`PostGIS 1.5 for PostgreSQL 9.0`.

After clicking next, you will be prompted to select your mirror, PostGIS
will be downloaded, and the PostGIS installer will begin.  Select only the
default options during install (e.g., do not uncheck the option to create a
default PostGIS database).

.. note::

    You will be prompted to enter your ``postgres`` database superuser
    password in the 'Database Connection Information' dialog.

psycopg2
^^^^^^^^

The ``psycopg2`` Python module provides the interface between Python and the
PostgreSQL database.  Download the latest `Windows installer`__ for your version
of Python and PostgreSQL and run using the default settings. [#]_

__ http://www.stickpeople.com/projects/python/win-psycopg/

.. _osgeo4w:

OSGeo4W
^^^^^^^

The `OSGeo4W installer`_ makes it simple to install the PROJ.4, GDAL, and GEOS
libraries required by GeoDjango.  First, download the `OSGeo4W installer`_,
and run it.  Select :menuselection:`Express Web-GIS Install` and click next.
In the 'Select Packages' list, ensure that GDAL is selected; MapServer and
Apache are also enabled by default, but are not required by GeoDjango and
may be unchecked safely.  After clicking next, the packages will be
automatically downloaded and installed, after which you may exit the
installer.

.. _OSGeo4W installer: http://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/

Modify Windows environment
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

In order to use GeoDjango, you will need to add your Python and OSGeo4W
directories to your Windows system ``Path``, as well as create ``GDAL_DATA``
and ``PROJ_LIB`` environment variables.  The following set of commands,
executable with ``cmd.exe``, will set this up:

.. code-block:: bat

     set OSGEO4W_ROOT=C:\OSGeo4W
     set PYTHON_ROOT=C:\Python27
     set GDAL_DATA=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\share\gdal
     set PROJ_LIB=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\share\proj
     set PATH=%PATH%;%PYTHON_ROOT%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\bin
     reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v Path /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PATH%"
     reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v GDAL_DATA /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%GDAL_DATA%"
     reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v PROJ_LIB /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PROJ_LIB%"

For your convenience, these commands are available in the executable batch
script, :download:`geodjango_setup.bat`.

.. note::

    Administrator privileges are required to execute these commands.
    To do this, right-click on :download:`geodjango_setup.bat` and select
    :menuselection:`Run as administrator`. You need to log out and log back in again
    for the settings to take effect.

.. note::

    If you customized the Python or OSGeo4W installation directories,
    then you will need to modify the ``OSGEO4W_ROOT`` and/or ``PYTHON_ROOT``
    variables accordingly.

Install Django and set up database
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Finally, :ref:`install Django <installing-official-release>` on your system.
You do not need to create a spatial database template, as one named
``template_postgis`` is created for you when installing PostGIS.

To administer the database, you can either use the pgAdmin III program
(:menuselection:`Start --> PostgreSQL 9.0 --> pgAdmin III`) or the
SQL Shell (:menuselection:`Start --> PostgreSQL 9.0 --> SQL Shell`).
For example, to create a ``geodjango`` spatial database and user, the following
may be executed from the SQL Shell as the ``postgres`` user::

    postgres# CREATE USER geodjango PASSWORD 'my_passwd';
    postgres# CREATE DATABASE geodjango OWNER geodjango TEMPLATE template_postgis ENCODING 'utf8';

.. rubric:: Footnotes
.. [#] The datum shifting files are needed for converting data to and from
       certain projections.
       For example, the PROJ.4 string for the `Google projection (900913 or 3857)
       <http://spatialreference.org/ref/sr-org/6864/prj/>`_ requires the
       ``null`` grid file only included in the extra datum shifting files.
       It is easier to install the shifting files now, then to have debug a
       problem caused by their absence later.
.. [#] Specifically, GeoDjango provides support for the `OGR
       <http://gdal.org/ogr>`_ library, a component of GDAL.
.. [#] See `GDAL ticket #2382 <http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/2382>`_.
.. [#] GeoDjango uses the :func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` routine from
       :mod:`ctypes.util` to locate shared libraries.
.. [#] The ``psycopg2`` Windows installers are packaged and maintained by
       `Jason Erickson <http://www.stickpeople.com/projects/python/win-psycopg/>`_.