189 lines
6.0 KiB
Python
189 lines
6.0 KiB
Python
"""
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10. One-to-one relationships
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To define a one-to-one relationship, use ``OneToOneField()``.
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In this example, a ``Place`` optionally can be a ``Restaurant``.
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"""
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from django.db import models, transaction
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class Place(models.Model):
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name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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address = models.CharField(max_length=80)
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def __unicode__(self):
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return u"%s the place" % self.name
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class Restaurant(models.Model):
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place = models.OneToOneField(Place, primary_key=True)
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serves_hot_dogs = models.BooleanField()
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serves_pizza = models.BooleanField()
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def __unicode__(self):
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return u"%s the restaurant" % self.place.name
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class Waiter(models.Model):
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restaurant = models.ForeignKey(Restaurant)
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name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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def __unicode__(self):
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return u"%s the waiter at %s" % (self.name, self.restaurant)
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class ManualPrimaryKey(models.Model):
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primary_key = models.CharField(max_length=10, primary_key=True)
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name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
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class RelatedModel(models.Model):
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link = models.OneToOneField(ManualPrimaryKey)
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name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
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class MultiModel(models.Model):
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link1 = models.OneToOneField(Place)
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link2 = models.OneToOneField(ManualPrimaryKey)
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name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
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def __unicode__(self):
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return u"Multimodel %s" % self.name
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__test__ = {'API_TESTS':"""
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# Create a couple of Places.
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>>> p1 = Place(name='Demon Dogs', address='944 W. Fullerton')
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>>> p1.save()
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>>> p2 = Place(name='Ace Hardware', address='1013 N. Ashland')
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>>> p2.save()
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# Create a Restaurant. Pass the ID of the "parent" object as this object's ID.
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>>> r = Restaurant(place=p1, serves_hot_dogs=True, serves_pizza=False)
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>>> r.save()
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# A Restaurant can access its place.
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>>> r.place
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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# A Place can access its restaurant, if available.
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>>> p1.restaurant
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<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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# p2 doesn't have an associated restaurant.
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>>> p2.restaurant
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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DoesNotExist: Restaurant matching query does not exist.
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# Set the place using assignment notation. Because place is the primary key on
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# Restaurant, the save will create a new restaurant
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>>> r.place = p2
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>>> r.save()
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>>> p2.restaurant
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<Restaurant: Ace Hardware the restaurant>
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>>> r.place
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<Place: Ace Hardware the place>
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# Set the place back again, using assignment in the reverse direction.
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>>> p1.restaurant = r
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>>> p1.restaurant
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<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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>>> r = Restaurant.objects.get(pk=1)
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>>> r.place
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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# Restaurant.objects.all() just returns the Restaurants, not the Places.
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# Note that there are two restaurants - Ace Hardware the Restaurant was created
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# in the call to r.place = p2.
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>>> Restaurant.objects.all()
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[<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>, <Restaurant: Ace Hardware the restaurant>]
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# Place.objects.all() returns all Places, regardless of whether they have
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# Restaurants.
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>>> Place.objects.order_by('name')
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[<Place: Ace Hardware the place>, <Place: Demon Dogs the place>]
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>>> Restaurant.objects.get(place__id__exact=1)
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<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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>>> Restaurant.objects.get(pk=1)
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<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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>>> Restaurant.objects.get(place__exact=1)
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<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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>>> Restaurant.objects.get(place__exact=p1)
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<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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>>> Restaurant.objects.get(place=1)
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<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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>>> Restaurant.objects.get(place=p1)
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<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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>>> Restaurant.objects.get(place__pk=1)
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<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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>>> Restaurant.objects.get(place__name__startswith="Demon")
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<Restaurant: Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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>>> Place.objects.get(id__exact=1)
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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>>> Place.objects.get(pk=1)
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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>>> Place.objects.get(restaurant__place__exact=1)
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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>>> Place.objects.get(restaurant__place__exact=p1)
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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>>> Place.objects.get(restaurant__pk=1)
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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>>> Place.objects.get(restaurant=1)
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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>>> Place.objects.get(restaurant=r)
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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>>> Place.objects.get(restaurant__exact=1)
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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>>> Place.objects.get(restaurant__exact=r)
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<Place: Demon Dogs the place>
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# Add a Waiter to the Restaurant.
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>>> w = r.waiter_set.create(name='Joe')
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>>> w.save()
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>>> w
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<Waiter: Joe the waiter at Demon Dogs the restaurant>
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# Query the waiters
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>>> Waiter.objects.filter(restaurant__place__pk=1)
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[<Waiter: Joe the waiter at Demon Dogs the restaurant>]
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>>> Waiter.objects.filter(restaurant__place__exact=1)
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[<Waiter: Joe the waiter at Demon Dogs the restaurant>]
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>>> Waiter.objects.filter(restaurant__place__exact=p1)
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[<Waiter: Joe the waiter at Demon Dogs the restaurant>]
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>>> Waiter.objects.filter(restaurant__pk=1)
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[<Waiter: Joe the waiter at Demon Dogs the restaurant>]
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>>> Waiter.objects.filter(id__exact=1)
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[<Waiter: Joe the waiter at Demon Dogs the restaurant>]
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>>> Waiter.objects.filter(pk=1)
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[<Waiter: Joe the waiter at Demon Dogs the restaurant>]
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>>> Waiter.objects.filter(restaurant=1)
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[<Waiter: Joe the waiter at Demon Dogs the restaurant>]
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>>> Waiter.objects.filter(restaurant=r)
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[<Waiter: Joe the waiter at Demon Dogs the restaurant>]
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# Delete the restaurant; the waiter should also be removed
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>>> r = Restaurant.objects.get(pk=1)
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>>> r.delete()
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# One-to-one fields still work if you create your own primary key
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>>> o1 = ManualPrimaryKey(primary_key="abc123", name="primary")
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>>> o1.save()
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>>> o2 = RelatedModel(link=o1, name="secondary")
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>>> o2.save()
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# You can have multiple one-to-one fields on a model, too.
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>>> x1 = MultiModel(link1=p1, link2=o1, name="x1")
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>>> x1.save()
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>>> o1.multimodel
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<MultiModel: Multimodel x1>
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# This will fail because each one-to-one field must be unique (and link2=o1 was
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# used for x1, above).
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>>> sid = transaction.savepoint()
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>>> MultiModel(link1=p2, link2=o1, name="x1").save()
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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IntegrityError: ...
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>>> transaction.savepoint_rollback(sid)
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"""}
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