1590 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
1590 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
.. _ref-templates-builtins:
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==================================
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Built-in template tags and filters
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==================================
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This document describes Django's built-in template tags and filters. It is
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recommended that you use the :ref:`automatic documentation
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<template-built-in-reference>`, if available, as this will also include
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documentation for any custom tags or filters installed.
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.. _ref-templates-builtins-tags:
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Built-in tag reference
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----------------------
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.. highlightlang:: html+django
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.. templatetag:: autoescape
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autoescape
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~~~~~~~~~~
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.. versionadded:: 1.0
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Control the current auto-escaping behavior. This tag takes either ``on`` or
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``off`` as an argument and that determines whether auto-escaping is in effect
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inside the block.
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When auto-escaping is in effect, all variable content has HTML escaping applied
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to it before placing the result into the output (but after any filters have
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been applied). This is equivalent to manually applying the ``escape`` filter
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to each variable.
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The only exceptions are variables that are already marked as "safe" from
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escaping, either by the code that populated the variable, or because it has had
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the ``safe`` or ``escape`` filters applied.
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.. templatetag:: block
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block
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~~~~~
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Define a block that can be overridden by child templates. See
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:ref:`Template inheritance <template-inheritance>` for more information.
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.. templatetag:: comment
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comment
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~~~~~~~
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Ignore everything between ``{% comment %}`` and ``{% endcomment %}``
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.. templatetag:: cycle
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cycle
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~~~~~
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.. versionchanged:: 1.0
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Cycle among the given strings or variables each time this tag is encountered.
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Within a loop, cycles among the given strings/variables each time through the
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loop::
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{% for o in some_list %}
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<tr class="{% cycle 'row1' 'row2' rowvar %}">
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...
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</tr>
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{% endfor %}
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Outside of a loop, give the values a unique name the first time you call it,
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then use that name each successive time through::
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<tr class="{% cycle 'row1' 'row2' rowvar as rowcolors %}">...</tr>
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<tr class="{% cycle rowcolors %}">...</tr>
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<tr class="{% cycle rowcolors %}">...</tr>
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You can use any number of values, separated by spaces. Values enclosed in
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single (') or double quotes (") are treated as string literals, while values
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without quotes are assumed to refer to context variables.
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You can also separate values with commas::
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{% cycle row1,row2,row3 %}
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In this syntax, each value will be interpreted as literal text. The
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comma-based syntax exists for backwards-compatibility, and should not be
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used for new projects.
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.. templatetag:: debug
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debug
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~~~~~
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Output a whole load of debugging information, including the current context and
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imported modules.
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.. templatetag:: extends
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extends
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~~~~~~~
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Signal that this template extends a parent template.
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This tag can be used in two ways:
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* ``{% extends "base.html" %}`` (with quotes) uses the literal value
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``"base.html"`` as the name of the parent template to extend.
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* ``{% extends variable %}`` uses the value of ``variable``. If the variable
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evaluates to a string, Django will use that string as the name of the
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parent template. If the variable evaluates to a ``Template`` object,
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Django will use that object as the parent template.
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See :ref:`template-inheritance` for more information.
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.. templatetag:: filter
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filter
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~~~~~~
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Filter the contents of the variable through variable filters.
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Filters can also be piped through each other, and they can have arguments --
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just like in variable syntax.
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Sample usage::
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{% filter force_escape|lower %}
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This text will be HTML-escaped, and will appear in all lowercase.
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{% endfilter %}
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.. templatetag:: firstof
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firstof
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~~~~~~~
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Outputs the first variable passed that is not False. Outputs nothing if all the
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passed variables are False.
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Sample usage::
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{% firstof var1 var2 var3 %}
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This is equivalent to::
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{% if var1 %}
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{{ var1 }}
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{% else %}{% if var2 %}
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{{ var2 }}
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{% else %}{% if var3 %}
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{{ var3 }}
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{% endif %}{% endif %}{% endif %}
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You can also use a literal string as a fallback value in case all
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passed variables are False::
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{% firstof var1 var2 var3 "fallback value" %}
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.. templatetag:: for
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for
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~~~
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Loop over each item in an array. For example, to display a list of athletes
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provided in ``athlete_list``::
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<ul>
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{% for athlete in athlete_list %}
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<li>{{ athlete.name }}</li>
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{% endfor %}
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</ul>
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You can loop over a list in reverse by using ``{% for obj in list reversed %}``.
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.. versionadded:: 1.0
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If you need to loop over a list of lists, you can unpack the values
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in each sub-list into individual variables. For example, if your context
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contains a list of (x,y) coordinates called ``points``, you could use the
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following to output the list of points::
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{% for x, y in points %}
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There is a point at {{ x }},{{ y }}
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{% endfor %}
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This can also be useful if you need to access the items in a dictionary.
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For example, if your context contained a dictionary ``data``, the following
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would display the keys and values of the dictionary::
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{% for key, value in data.items %}
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{{ key }}: {{ value }}
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{% endfor %}
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The for loop sets a number of variables available within the loop:
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========================== ================================================
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Variable Description
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========================== ================================================
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``forloop.counter`` The current iteration of the loop (1-indexed)
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``forloop.counter0`` The current iteration of the loop (0-indexed)
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``forloop.revcounter`` The number of iterations from the end of the
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loop (1-indexed)
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``forloop.revcounter0`` The number of iterations from the end of the
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loop (0-indexed)
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``forloop.first`` True if this is the first time through the loop
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``forloop.last`` True if this is the last time through the loop
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``forloop.parentloop`` For nested loops, this is the loop "above" the
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current one
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========================== ================================================
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.. templatetag:: if
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if
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~~
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The ``{% if %}`` tag evaluates a variable, and if that variable is "true" (i.e.
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exists, is not empty, and is not a false boolean value) the contents of the
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block are output::
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{% if athlete_list %}
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Number of athletes: {{ athlete_list|length }}
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{% else %}
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No athletes.
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{% endif %}
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In the above, if ``athlete_list`` is not empty, the number of athletes will be
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displayed by the ``{{ athlete_list|length }}`` variable.
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As you can see, the ``if`` tag can take an optional ``{% else %}`` clause that
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will be displayed if the test fails.
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``if`` tags may use ``and``, ``or`` or ``not`` to test a number of variables or
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to negate a given variable::
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{% if athlete_list and coach_list %}
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Both athletes and coaches are available.
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{% endif %}
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{% if not athlete_list %}
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There are no athletes.
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{% endif %}
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{% if athlete_list or coach_list %}
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There are some athletes or some coaches.
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{% endif %}
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{% if not athlete_list or coach_list %}
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There are no athletes or there are some coaches (OK, so
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writing English translations of boolean logic sounds
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stupid; it's not our fault).
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{% endif %}
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{% if athlete_list and not coach_list %}
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There are some athletes and absolutely no coaches.
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{% endif %}
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``if`` tags don't allow ``and`` and ``or`` clauses within the same tag, because
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the order of logic would be ambiguous. For example, this is invalid::
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{% if athlete_list and coach_list or cheerleader_list %}
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If you need to combine ``and`` and ``or`` to do advanced logic, just use nested
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``if`` tags. For example::
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{% if athlete_list %}
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{% if coach_list or cheerleader_list %}
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We have athletes, and either coaches or cheerleaders!
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{% endif %}
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{% endif %}
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Multiple uses of the same logical operator are fine, as long as you use the
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same operator. For example, this is valid::
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{% if athlete_list or coach_list or parent_list or teacher_list %}
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.. templatetag:: ifchanged
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ifchanged
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~~~~~~~~~
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Check if a value has changed from the last iteration of a loop.
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The 'ifchanged' block tag is used within a loop. It has two possible uses.
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1. Checks its own rendered contents against its previous state and only
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displays the content if it has changed. For example, this displays a list of
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days, only displaying the month if it changes::
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<h1>Archive for {{ year }}</h1>
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{% for date in days %}
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{% ifchanged %}<h3>{{ date|date:"F" }}</h3>{% endifchanged %}
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<a href="{{ date|date:"M/d"|lower }}/">{{ date|date:"j" }}</a>
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{% endfor %}
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2. If given a variable, check whether that variable has changed. For
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example, the following shows the date every time it changes, but
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only shows the hour if both the hour and the date has changed::
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{% for date in days %}
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{% ifchanged date.date %} {{ date.date }} {% endifchanged %}
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{% ifchanged date.hour date.date %}
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{{ date.hour }}
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{% endifchanged %}
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{% endfor %}
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.. templatetag:: ifequal
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ifequal
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~~~~~~~
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Output the contents of the block if the two arguments equal each other.
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Example::
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{% ifequal user.id comment.user_id %}
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...
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{% endifequal %}
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As in the ``{% if %}`` tag, an ``{% else %}`` clause is optional.
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The arguments can be hard-coded strings, so the following is valid::
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{% ifequal user.username "adrian" %}
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...
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{% endifequal %}
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It is only possible to compare an argument to template variables or strings.
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You cannot check for equality with Python objects such as ``True`` or
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``False``. If you need to test if something is true or false, use the ``if``
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tag instead.
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.. templatetag:: ifnotequal
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ifnotequal
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~~~~~~~~~~
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Just like ``ifequal``, except it tests that the two arguments are not equal.
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.. templatetag:: include
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include
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~~~~~~~
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Loads a template and renders it with the current context. This is a way of
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"including" other templates within a template.
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The template name can either be a variable or a hard-coded (quoted) string,
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in either single or double quotes.
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This example includes the contents of the template ``"foo/bar.html"``::
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{% include "foo/bar.html" %}
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This example includes the contents of the template whose name is contained in
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the variable ``template_name``::
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{% include template_name %}
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An included template is rendered with the context of the template that's
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including it. This example produces the output ``"Hello, John"``:
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* Context: variable ``person`` is set to ``"john"``.
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* Template::
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{% include "name_snippet.html" %}
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* The ``name_snippet.html`` template::
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Hello, {{ person }}
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See also: ``{% ssi %}``.
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.. templatetag:: load
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load
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~~~~
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Load a custom template tag set.
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See :ref:`Custom tag and filter libraries <howto-custom-template-tags>` for more information.
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.. templatetag:: now
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now
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~~~
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Display the date, formatted according to the given string.
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Uses the same format as PHP's ``date()`` function (http://php.net/date)
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with some custom extensions.
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Available format strings:
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================ ======================================== =====================
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Format character Description Example output
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================ ======================================== =====================
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a ``'a.m.'`` or ``'p.m.'`` (Note that ``'a.m.'``
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this is slightly different than PHP's
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output, because this includes periods
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to match Associated Press style.)
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A ``'AM'`` or ``'PM'``. ``'AM'``
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b Month, textual, 3 letters, lowercase. ``'jan'``
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B Not implemented.
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d Day of the month, 2 digits with ``'01'`` to ``'31'``
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leading zeros.
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D Day of the week, textual, 3 letters. ``'Fri'``
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f Time, in 12-hour hours and minutes, ``'1'``, ``'1:30'``
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with minutes left off if they're zero.
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Proprietary extension.
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F Month, textual, long. ``'January'``
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g Hour, 12-hour format without leading ``'1'`` to ``'12'``
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zeros.
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G Hour, 24-hour format without leading ``'0'`` to ``'23'``
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zeros.
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h Hour, 12-hour format. ``'01'`` to ``'12'``
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H Hour, 24-hour format. ``'00'`` to ``'23'``
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i Minutes. ``'00'`` to ``'59'``
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I Not implemented.
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j Day of the month without leading ``'1'`` to ``'31'``
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zeros.
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l Day of the week, textual, long. ``'Friday'``
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L Boolean for whether it's a leap year. ``True`` or ``False``
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m Month, 2 digits with leading zeros. ``'01'`` to ``'12'``
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M Month, textual, 3 letters. ``'Jan'``
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n Month without leading zeros. ``'1'`` to ``'12'``
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N Month abbreviation in Associated Press ``'Jan.'``, ``'Feb.'``, ``'March'``, ``'May'``
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style. Proprietary extension.
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O Difference to Greenwich time in hours. ``'+0200'``
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P Time, in 12-hour hours, minutes and ``'1 a.m.'``, ``'1:30 p.m.'``, ``'midnight'``, ``'noon'``, ``'12:30 p.m.'``
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'a.m.'/'p.m.', with minutes left off
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if they're zero and the special-case
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strings 'midnight' and 'noon' if
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appropriate. Proprietary extension.
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r RFC 2822 formatted date. ``'Thu, 21 Dec 2000 16:01:07 +0200'``
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s Seconds, 2 digits with leading zeros. ``'00'`` to ``'59'``
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S English ordinal suffix for day of the ``'st'``, ``'nd'``, ``'rd'`` or ``'th'``
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month, 2 characters.
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t Number of days in the given month. ``28`` to ``31``
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T Time zone of this machine. ``'EST'``, ``'MDT'``
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U Not implemented.
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w Day of the week, digits without ``'0'`` (Sunday) to ``'6'`` (Saturday)
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leading zeros.
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W ISO-8601 week number of year, with ``1``, ``53``
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weeks starting on Monday.
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y Year, 2 digits. ``'99'``
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Y Year, 4 digits. ``'1999'``
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z Day of the year. ``0`` to ``365``
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Z Time zone offset in seconds. The ``-43200`` to ``43200``
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offset for timezones west of UTC is
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always negative, and for those east of
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UTC is always positive.
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================ ======================================== =====================
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Example::
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It is {% now "jS F Y H:i" %}
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Note that you can backslash-escape a format string if you want to use the
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"raw" value. In this example, "f" is backslash-escaped, because otherwise
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"f" is a format string that displays the time. The "o" doesn't need to be
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escaped, because it's not a format character::
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It is the {% now "jS o\f F" %}
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This would display as "It is the 4th of September".
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.. templatetag:: regroup
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regroup
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~~~~~~~
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Regroup a list of alike objects by a common attribute.
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This complex tag is best illustrated by use of an example: say that ``people``
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is a list of people represented by dictionaries with ``first_name``,
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``last_name``, and ``gender`` keys:
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.. code-block:: python
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people = [
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{'first_name': 'George', 'last_name': 'Bush', 'gender': 'Male'},
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{'first_name': 'Bill', 'last_name': 'Clinton', 'gender': 'Male'},
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{'first_name': 'Margaret', 'last_name': 'Thatcher', 'gender': 'Female'},
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{'first_name': 'Condoleezza', 'last_name': 'Rice', 'gender': 'Female'},
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{'first_name': 'Pat', 'last_name': 'Smith', 'gender': 'Unknown'},
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]
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...and you'd like to display a hierarchical list that is ordered by gender,
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like this:
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* Male:
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* George Bush
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* Bill Clinton
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* Female:
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* Margaret Thatcher
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* Condoleezza Rice
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* Unknown:
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* Pat Smith
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You can use the ``{% regroup %}`` tag to group the list of people by gender.
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The following snippet of template code would accomplish this::
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{% regroup people by gender as gender_list %}
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<ul>
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{% for gender in gender_list %}
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<li>{{ gender.grouper }}
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<ul>
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{% for item in gender.list %}
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<li>{{ item.first_name }} {{ item.last_name }}</li>
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{% endfor %}
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</ul>
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</li>
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{% endfor %}
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</ul>
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Let's walk through this example. ``{% regroup %}`` takes three arguments: the
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list you want to regroup, the attribute to group by, and the name of the
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resulting list. Here, we're regrouping the ``people`` list by the ``gender``
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attribute and calling the result ``gender_list``.
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``{% regroup %}`` produces a list (in this case, ``gender_list``) of
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**group objects**. Each group object has two attributes:
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* ``grouper`` -- the item that was grouped by (e.g., the string "Male" or
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"Female").
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* ``list`` -- a list of all items in this group (e.g., a list of all people
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with gender='Male').
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Note that ``{% regroup %}`` does not order its input! Our example relies on
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the fact that the ``people`` list was ordered by ``gender`` in the first place.
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If the ``people`` list did *not* order its members by ``gender``, the regrouping
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would naively display more than one group for a single gender. For example,
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say the ``people`` list was set to this (note that the males are not grouped
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together):
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.. code-block:: python
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people = [
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{'first_name': 'Bill', 'last_name': 'Clinton', 'gender': 'Male'},
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{'first_name': 'Pat', 'last_name': 'Smith', 'gender': 'Unknown'},
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|
{'first_name': 'Margaret', 'last_name': 'Thatcher', 'gender': 'Female'},
|
|
{'first_name': 'George', 'last_name': 'Bush', 'gender': 'Male'},
|
|
{'first_name': 'Condoleezza', 'last_name': 'Rice', 'gender': 'Female'},
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
With this input for ``people``, the example ``{% regroup %}`` template code
|
|
above would result in the following output:
|
|
|
|
* Male:
|
|
* Bill Clinton
|
|
* Unknown:
|
|
* Pat Smith
|
|
* Female:
|
|
* Margaret Thatcher
|
|
* Male:
|
|
* George Bush
|
|
* Female:
|
|
* Condoleezza Rice
|
|
|
|
The easiest solution to this gotcha is to make sure in your view code that the
|
|
data is ordered according to how you want to display it.
|
|
|
|
Another solution is to sort the data in the template using the ``dictsort``
|
|
filter, if your data is in a list of dictionaries::
|
|
|
|
{% regroup people|dictsort:"gender" by gender as gender_list %}
|
|
|
|
.. templatetag:: spaceless
|
|
|
|
spaceless
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Removes whitespace between HTML tags. This includes tab
|
|
characters and newlines.
|
|
|
|
Example usage::
|
|
|
|
{% spaceless %}
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="foo/">Foo</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
{% endspaceless %}
|
|
|
|
This example would return this HTML::
|
|
|
|
<p><a href="foo/">Foo</a></p>
|
|
|
|
Only space between *tags* is removed -- not space between tags and text. In
|
|
this example, the space around ``Hello`` won't be stripped::
|
|
|
|
{% spaceless %}
|
|
<strong>
|
|
Hello
|
|
</strong>
|
|
{% endspaceless %}
|
|
|
|
.. templatetag:: ssi
|
|
|
|
ssi
|
|
~~~
|
|
|
|
Output the contents of a given file into the page.
|
|
|
|
Like a simple "include" tag, ``{% ssi %}`` includes the contents of another
|
|
file -- which must be specified using an absolute path -- in the current
|
|
page::
|
|
|
|
{% ssi /home/html/ljworld.com/includes/right_generic.html %}
|
|
|
|
If the optional "parsed" parameter is given, the contents of the included
|
|
file are evaluated as template code, within the current context::
|
|
|
|
{% ssi /home/html/ljworld.com/includes/right_generic.html parsed %}
|
|
|
|
Note that if you use ``{% ssi %}``, you'll need to define
|
|
:setting:`ALLOWED_INCLUDE_ROOTS` in your Django settings, as a security measure.
|
|
|
|
See also: ``{% include %}``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatetag:: templatetag
|
|
|
|
templatetag
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Output one of the syntax characters used to compose template tags.
|
|
|
|
Since the template system has no concept of "escaping", to display one of the
|
|
bits used in template tags, you must use the ``{% templatetag %}`` tag.
|
|
|
|
The argument tells which template bit to output:
|
|
|
|
================== =======
|
|
Argument Outputs
|
|
================== =======
|
|
``openblock`` ``{%``
|
|
``closeblock`` ``%}``
|
|
``openvariable`` ``{{``
|
|
``closevariable`` ``}}``
|
|
``openbrace`` ``{``
|
|
``closebrace`` ``}``
|
|
``opencomment`` ``{#``
|
|
``closecomment`` ``#}``
|
|
================== =======
|
|
|
|
.. templatetag:: url
|
|
|
|
url
|
|
~~~
|
|
|
|
Returns an absolute URL (i.e., a URL without the domain name) matching a given
|
|
view function and optional parameters. This is a way to output links without
|
|
violating the DRY principle by having to hard-code URLs in your templates::
|
|
|
|
{% url path.to.some_view arg1,arg2,name1=value1 %}
|
|
|
|
The first argument is a path to a view function in the format
|
|
``package.package.module.function``. Additional arguments are optional and
|
|
should be comma-separated values that will be used as positional and keyword
|
|
arguments in the URL. All arguments required by the URLconf should be present.
|
|
|
|
For example, suppose you have a view, ``app_views.client``, whose URLconf
|
|
takes a client ID (here, ``client()`` is a method inside the views file
|
|
``app_views.py``). The URLconf line might look like this:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
('^client/(\d+)/$', 'app_views.client')
|
|
|
|
If this app's URLconf is included into the project's URLconf under a path
|
|
such as this:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
('^clients/', include('project_name.app_name.urls'))
|
|
|
|
...then, in a template, you can create a link to this view like this::
|
|
|
|
{% url app_views.client client.id %}
|
|
|
|
The template tag will output the string ``/clients/client/123/``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.0
|
|
|
|
If you're using :ref:`named URL patterns <naming-url-patterns>`, you can
|
|
refer to the name of the pattern in the ``url`` tag instead of using the
|
|
path to the view.
|
|
|
|
Note that if the URL you're reversing doesn't exist, you'll get an
|
|
:exc:`NoReverseMatch` exception raised, which will cause your site to display an
|
|
error page.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.0
|
|
|
|
If you'd like to retrieve a URL without displaying it, you can use a slightly
|
|
different call::
|
|
|
|
|
|
{% url path.to.view arg, arg2 as the_url %}
|
|
|
|
<a href="{{ the_url }}">I'm linking to {{ the_url }}</a>
|
|
|
|
This ``{% url ... as var %}`` syntax will *not* cause an error if the view is
|
|
missing. In practice you'll use this to link to views that are optional::
|
|
|
|
{% url path.to.view as the_url %}
|
|
{% if the_url %}
|
|
<a href="{{ the_url }}">Link to optional stuff</a>
|
|
{% endif %}
|
|
|
|
.. templatetag:: widthratio
|
|
|
|
widthratio
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
For creating bar charts and such, this tag calculates the ratio of a given value
|
|
to a maximum value, and then applies that ratio to a constant.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
<img src="bar.gif" height="10" width="{% widthratio this_value max_value 100 %}" />
|
|
|
|
Above, if ``this_value`` is 175 and ``max_value`` is 200, the image in the
|
|
above example will be 88 pixels wide (because 175/200 = .875; .875 * 100 = 87.5
|
|
which is rounded up to 88).
|
|
|
|
.. templatetag:: with
|
|
|
|
with
|
|
~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.0
|
|
|
|
Caches a complex variable under a simpler name. This is useful when accessing
|
|
an "expensive" method (e.g., one that hits the database) multiple times.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{% with business.employees.count as total %}
|
|
{{ total }} employee{{ total|pluralize }}
|
|
{% endwith %}
|
|
|
|
The populated variable (in the example above, ``total``) is only available
|
|
between the ``{% with %}`` and ``{% endwith %}`` tags.
|
|
|
|
.. _ref-templates-builtins-filters:
|
|
|
|
Built-in filter reference
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: add
|
|
|
|
add
|
|
~~~
|
|
|
|
Adds the argument to the value.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|add:"2" }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``4``, then the output will be ``6``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: addslashes
|
|
|
|
addslashes
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Adds slashes before quotes. Useful for escaping strings in CSV, for example.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: capfirst
|
|
|
|
capfirst
|
|
~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Capitalizes the first character of the value.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: center
|
|
|
|
center
|
|
~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Centers the value in a field of a given width.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: cut
|
|
|
|
cut
|
|
~~~
|
|
|
|
Removes all values of arg from the given string.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|cut:" "}}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``"String with spaces"``, the output will be ``"Stringwithspaces"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: date
|
|
|
|
date
|
|
~~~~
|
|
|
|
Formats a date according to the given format (same as the `now`_ tag).
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|date:"D d M Y" }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is a ``datetime`` object (e.g., the result of
|
|
``datetime.datetime.now()``), the output will be the string
|
|
``'Wed 09 Jan 2008'``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: default
|
|
|
|
default
|
|
~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
If value evaluates to ``False``, use given default. Otherwise, use the value.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|default:"nothing" }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``""`` (the empty string), the output will be ``nothing``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: default_if_none
|
|
|
|
default_if_none
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
If (and only if) value is ``None``, use given default. Otherwise, use the
|
|
value.
|
|
|
|
Note that if an empty string is given, the default value will *not* be used.
|
|
Use the ``default`` filter if you want to fallback for empty strings.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|default_if_none:"nothing" }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``None``, the output will be the string ``"nothing"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: dictsort
|
|
|
|
dictsort
|
|
~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Takes a list of dictionaries and returns that list sorted by the key given in
|
|
the argument.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|dictsort:"name" }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
[
|
|
{'name': 'zed', 'age': 19},
|
|
{'name': 'amy', 'age': 22},
|
|
{'name': 'joe', 'age': 31},
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
then the output would be:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
[
|
|
{'name': 'amy', 'age': 22},
|
|
{'name': 'joe', 'age': 31},
|
|
{'name': 'zed', 'age': 19},
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: dictsortreversed
|
|
|
|
dictsortreversed
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Takes a list of dictionaries and returns that list sorted in reverse order by
|
|
the key given in the argument. This works exactly the same as the above filter,
|
|
but the returned value will be in reverse order.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: divisibleby
|
|
|
|
divisibleby
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Returns ``True`` if the value is divisible by the argument.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|divisibleby:"3" }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``21``, the output would be ``True``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: escape
|
|
|
|
escape
|
|
~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Escapes a string's HTML. Specifically, it makes these replacements:
|
|
|
|
* ``<`` is converted to ``<``
|
|
* ``>`` is converted to ``>``
|
|
* ``'`` (single quote) is converted to ``'``
|
|
* ``"`` (double quote) is converted to ``"``
|
|
* ``&`` is converted to ``&``
|
|
|
|
The escaping is only applied when the string is output, so it does not matter
|
|
where in a chained sequence of filters you put ``escape``: it will always be
|
|
applied as though it were the last filter. If you want escaping to be applied
|
|
immediately, use the ``force_escape`` filter.
|
|
|
|
Applying ``escape`` to a variable that would normally have auto-escaping
|
|
applied to the result will only result in one round of escaping being done. So
|
|
it is safe to use this function even in auto-escaping environments. If you want
|
|
multiple escaping passes to be applied, use the ``force_escape`` filter.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
|
|
Due to auto-escaping, the behavior of this filter has changed slightly.
|
|
The replacements are only made once, after
|
|
all other filters are applied -- including filters before and after it.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: escapejs
|
|
|
|
escapejs
|
|
~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.0
|
|
|
|
Escapes characters for use in JavaScript strings. This does *not* make the
|
|
string safe for use in HTML, but does protect you from syntax errors when using
|
|
templates to generate JavaScript/JSON.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: filesizeformat
|
|
|
|
filesizeformat
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Format the value like a 'human-readable' file size (i.e. ``'13 KB'``,
|
|
``'4.1 MB'``, ``'102 bytes'``, etc).
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|filesizeformat }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is 123456789, the output would be ``117.7 MB``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: first
|
|
|
|
first
|
|
~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Returns the first item in a list.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|first }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is the list ``['a', 'b', 'c']``, the output will be ``'a'``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: fix_ampersands
|
|
|
|
fix_ampersands
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
|
|
This is rarely useful as ampersands are now automatically escaped. See escape_ for more information.
|
|
|
|
Replaces ampersands with ``&`` entities.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|fix_ampersands }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``Tom & Jerry``, the output will be ``Tom & Jerry``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: floatformat
|
|
|
|
floatformat
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
When used without an argument, rounds a floating-point number to one decimal
|
|
place -- but only if there's a decimal part to be displayed. For example:
|
|
|
|
============ =========================== ========
|
|
``value`` Template Output
|
|
============ =========================== ========
|
|
``34.23234`` ``{{ value|floatformat }}`` ``34.2``
|
|
``34.00000`` ``{{ value|floatformat }}`` ``34``
|
|
``34.26000`` ``{{ value|floatformat }}`` ``34.3``
|
|
============ =========================== ========
|
|
|
|
If used with a numeric integer argument, ``floatformat`` rounds a number to
|
|
that many decimal places. For example:
|
|
|
|
============ ============================= ==========
|
|
``value`` Template Output
|
|
============ ============================= ==========
|
|
``34.23234`` ``{{ value|floatformat:3 }}`` ``34.232``
|
|
``34.00000`` ``{{ value|floatformat:3 }}`` ``34.000``
|
|
``34.26000`` ``{{ value|floatformat:3 }}`` ``34.260``
|
|
============ ============================= ==========
|
|
|
|
If the argument passed to ``floatformat`` is negative, it will round a number
|
|
to that many decimal places -- but only if there's a decimal part to be
|
|
displayed. For example:
|
|
|
|
============ ================================ ==========
|
|
``value`` Template Output
|
|
============ ================================ ==========
|
|
``34.23234`` ``{{ value|floatformat:"-3" }}`` ``34.232``
|
|
``34.00000`` ``{{ value|floatformat:"-3" }}`` ``34``
|
|
``34.26000`` ``{{ value|floatformat:"-3" }}`` ``34.260``
|
|
============ ================================ ==========
|
|
|
|
Using ``floatformat`` with no argument is equivalent to using ``floatformat``
|
|
with an argument of ``-1``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: force_escape
|
|
|
|
force_escape
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.0
|
|
|
|
Applies HTML escaping to a string (see the ``escape`` filter for details).
|
|
This filter is applied *immediately* and returns a new, escaped string. This
|
|
is useful in the rare cases where you need multiple escaping or want to apply
|
|
other filters to the escaped results. Normally, you want to use the ``escape``
|
|
filter.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: get_digit
|
|
|
|
get_digit
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Given a whole number, returns the requested digit, where 1 is the right-most
|
|
digit, 2 is the second-right-most digit, etc. Returns the original value for
|
|
invalid input (if input or argument is not an integer, or if argument is less
|
|
than 1). Otherwise, output is always an integer.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|get_digit:"2" }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``123456789``, the output will be ``8``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: iriendcode
|
|
|
|
iriencode
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Converts an IRI (Internationalized Resource Identifier) to a string that is
|
|
suitable for including in a URL. This is necessary if you're trying to use
|
|
strings containing non-ASCII characters in a URL.
|
|
|
|
It's safe to use this filter on a string that has already gone through the
|
|
``urlencode`` filter.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: join
|
|
|
|
join
|
|
~~~~
|
|
|
|
Joins a list with a string, like Python's ``str.join(list)``
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|join:" // " }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is the list ``['a', 'b', 'c']``, the output will be the string
|
|
``"a // b // c"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: last
|
|
|
|
last
|
|
~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.0
|
|
|
|
Returns the last item in a list.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|last }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is the list ``['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']``, the output will be the string
|
|
``"d"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: length
|
|
|
|
length
|
|
~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Returns the length of the value. This works for both strings and lists.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|length }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']``, the output will be ``4``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: length_is
|
|
|
|
length_is
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Returns ``True`` if the value's length is the argument, or ``False`` otherwise.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|length_is:"4" }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']``, the output will be ``True``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: linebreaks
|
|
|
|
linebreaks
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Replaces line breaks in plain text with appropriate HTML; a single
|
|
newline becomes an HTML line break (``<br />``) and a new line
|
|
followed by a blank line becomes a paragraph break (``</p>``).
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|linebreaks }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``Joel\nis a slug``, the output will be ``<p>Joel<br>is a
|
|
slug</p>``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: linebreaksbr
|
|
|
|
linebreaksbr
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Converts all newlines in a piece of plain text to HTML line breaks
|
|
(``<br />``).
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: linenumbers
|
|
|
|
linenumbers
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Displays text with line numbers.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: ljust
|
|
|
|
ljust
|
|
~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Left-aligns the value in a field of a given width.
|
|
|
|
**Argument:** field size
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: lower
|
|
|
|
lower
|
|
~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Converts a string into all lowercase.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|lower }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``Still MAD At Yoko``, the output will be ``still mad at yoko``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: make_list
|
|
|
|
make_list
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Returns the value turned into a list. For an integer, it's a list of
|
|
digits. For a string, it's a list of characters.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|make_list }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is the string ``"Joel"``, the output would be the list
|
|
``[u'J', u'o', u'e', u'l']``. If ``value`` is ``123``, the output will be the
|
|
list ``[1, 2, 3]``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: phone2numeric
|
|
|
|
phone2numeric
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Converts a phone number (possibly containing letters) to its numerical
|
|
equivalent. For example, ``'800-COLLECT'`` will be converted to
|
|
``'800-2655328'``.
|
|
|
|
The input doesn't have to be a valid phone number. This will happily convert
|
|
any string.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: pluralize
|
|
|
|
pluralize
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Returns a plural suffix if the value is not 1. By default, this suffix is ``'s'``.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
You have {{ num_messages }} message{{ num_messages|pluralize }}.
|
|
|
|
For words that require a suffix other than ``'s'``, you can provide an alternate
|
|
suffix as a parameter to the filter.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
You have {{ num_walruses }} walrus{{ num_walrus|pluralize:"es" }}.
|
|
|
|
For words that don't pluralize by simple suffix, you can specify both a
|
|
singular and plural suffix, separated by a comma.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
You have {{ num_cherries }} cherr{{ num_cherries|pluralize:"y,ies" }}.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: pprint
|
|
|
|
pprint
|
|
~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
A wrapper around `pprint.pprint`__ -- for debugging, really.
|
|
|
|
__ http://www.python.org/doc/2.5/lib/module-pprint.html
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: random
|
|
|
|
random
|
|
~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Returns a random item from the given list.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|random }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is the list ``['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']``, the output could be ``"b"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: removetags
|
|
|
|
removetags
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Removes a space-separated list of [X]HTML tags from the output.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|removetags:"b span"|safe }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``"<b>Joel</b> <button>is</button> a <span>slug</span>"`` the
|
|
output will be ``"Joel <button>is</button> a slug"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: rjust
|
|
|
|
rjust
|
|
~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Right-aligns the value in a field of a given width.
|
|
|
|
**Argument:** field size
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: safe
|
|
|
|
safe
|
|
~~~~
|
|
|
|
Marks a string as not requiring further HTML escaping prior to output. When
|
|
autoescaping is off, this filter has no effect.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: slice
|
|
|
|
slice
|
|
~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Returns a slice of the list.
|
|
|
|
Uses the same syntax as Python's list slicing. See
|
|
http://diveintopython.org/native_data_types/lists.html#odbchelper.list.slice
|
|
for an introduction.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
{{ some_list|slice:":2" }}
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: slugify
|
|
|
|
slugify
|
|
~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Converts to lowercase, removes non-word characters (alphanumerics and
|
|
underscores) and converts spaces to hyphens. Also strips leading and trailing
|
|
whitespace.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|slugify }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``"Joel is a slug"``, the output will be ``"joel-is-a-slug"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: stringformat
|
|
|
|
stringformat
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Formats the variable according to the argument, a string formatting specifier.
|
|
This specifier uses Python string formatting syntax, with the exception that
|
|
the leading "%" is dropped.
|
|
|
|
See http://docs.python.org/lib/typesseq-strings.html for documentation of
|
|
Python string formatting
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|stringformat:"s" }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``"Joel is a slug"``, the output will be ``"Joel is a slug"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: striptags
|
|
|
|
striptags
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Strips all [X]HTML tags.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|striptags }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``"<b>Joel</b> <button>is</button> a <span>slug</span>"``, the
|
|
output will be ``"Joel is a slug"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: time
|
|
|
|
time
|
|
~~~~
|
|
|
|
Formats a time according to the given format (same as the `now`_ tag).
|
|
The time filter will only accept parameters in the format string that relate
|
|
to the time of day, not the date (for obvious reasons). If you need to
|
|
format a date, use the `date`_ filter.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|time:"H:i" }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is equivalent to ``datetime.datetime.now()``, the output will be
|
|
the string ``"01:23"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: timesince
|
|
|
|
timesince
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Formats a date as the time since that date (e.g., "4 days, 6 hours").
|
|
|
|
Takes an optional argument that is a variable containing the date to use as
|
|
the comparison point (without the argument, the comparison point is *now*).
|
|
For example, if ``blog_date`` is a date instance representing midnight on 1
|
|
June 2006, and ``comment_date`` is a date instance for 08:00 on 1 June 2006,
|
|
then ``{{ blog_date|timesince:comment_date }}`` would return "8 hours".
|
|
|
|
Comparing offset-naive and offset-aware datetimes will return an empty string.
|
|
|
|
Minutes is the smallest unit used, and "0 minutes" will be returned for any
|
|
date that is in the future relative to the comparison point.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: timeuntil
|
|
|
|
timeuntil
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Similar to ``timesince``, except that it measures the time from now until the
|
|
given date or datetime. For example, if today is 1 June 2006 and
|
|
``conference_date`` is a date instance holding 29 June 2006, then
|
|
``{{ conference_date|timeuntil }}`` will return "4 weeks".
|
|
|
|
Takes an optional argument that is a variable containing the date to use as
|
|
the comparison point (instead of *now*). If ``from_date`` contains 22 June
|
|
2006, then ``{{ conference_date|timeuntil:from_date }}`` will return "1 week".
|
|
|
|
Comparing offset-naive and offset-aware datetimes will return an empty string.
|
|
|
|
Minutes is the smallest unit used, and "0 minutes" will be returned for any
|
|
date that is in the past relative to the comparison point.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: title
|
|
|
|
title
|
|
~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Converts a string into titlecase.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: truncatewords
|
|
|
|
truncatewords
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Truncates a string after a certain number of words.
|
|
|
|
**Argument:** Number of words to truncate after
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|truncatewords:2 }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``"Joel is a slug"``, the output will be ``"Joel is ..."``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: truncatewords_html
|
|
|
|
truncatewords_html
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Similar to ``truncatewords``, except that it is aware of HTML tags. Any tags
|
|
that are opened in the string and not closed before the truncation point, are
|
|
closed immediately after the truncation.
|
|
|
|
This is less efficient than ``truncatewords``, so should only be used when it
|
|
is being passed HTML text.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: unordered_list
|
|
|
|
unordered_list
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Recursively takes a self-nested list and returns an HTML unordered list --
|
|
WITHOUT opening and closing <ul> tags.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
|
|
The format accepted by ``unordered_list`` has changed to be easier to understand.
|
|
|
|
The list is assumed to be in the proper format. For example, if ``var`` contains
|
|
``['States', ['Kansas', ['Lawrence', 'Topeka'], 'Illinois']]``, then
|
|
``{{ var|unordered_list }}`` would return::
|
|
|
|
<li>States
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Kansas
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Lawrence</li>
|
|
<li>Topeka</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Illinois</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
Note: the previous more restrictive and verbose format is still supported:
|
|
``['States', [['Kansas', [['Lawrence', []], ['Topeka', []]]], ['Illinois', []]]]``,
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: upper
|
|
|
|
upper
|
|
~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Converts a string into all uppercase.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|upper }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``"Joel is a slug"``, the output will be ``"JOEL IS A SLUG"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: urlencode
|
|
|
|
urlencode
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Escapes a value for use in a URL.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: urlize
|
|
|
|
urlize
|
|
~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Converts URLs in plain text into clickable links.
|
|
|
|
Note that if ``urlize`` is applied to text that already contains HTML markup,
|
|
things won't work as expected. Apply this filter only to *plain* text.
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|urlize }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``"Check out www.djangoproject.com"``, the output will be
|
|
``"Check out <a
|
|
href="http://www.djangoproject.com">www.djangoproject.com</a>"``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: urlizetrunc
|
|
|
|
urlizetrunc
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Converts URLs into clickable links, truncating URLs longer than the given
|
|
character limit.
|
|
|
|
As with urlize_, this filter should only be applied to *plain* text.
|
|
|
|
**Argument:** Length to truncate URLs to
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|urlizetrunc:15 }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``"Check out www.djangoproject.com"``, the output would be
|
|
``'Check out <a
|
|
href="http://www.djangoproject.com">www.djangopr...</a>'``.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: wordcount
|
|
|
|
wordcount
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Returns the number of words.
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: wordwrap
|
|
|
|
wordwrap
|
|
~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Wraps words at specified line length.
|
|
|
|
**Argument:** number of characters at which to wrap the text
|
|
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
{{ value|wordwrap:5 }}
|
|
|
|
If ``value`` is ``Joel is a slug``, the output would be::
|
|
|
|
Joel
|
|
is a
|
|
slug
|
|
|
|
.. templatefilter:: yesno
|
|
|
|
yesno
|
|
~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Given a string mapping values for true, false and (optionally) None,
|
|
returns one of those strings according to the value:
|
|
|
|
========== ====================== ==================================
|
|
Value Argument Outputs
|
|
========== ====================== ==================================
|
|
``True`` ``"yeah,no,maybe"`` ``yeah``
|
|
``False`` ``"yeah,no,maybe"`` ``no``
|
|
``None`` ``"yeah,no,maybe"`` ``maybe``
|
|
``None`` ``"yeah,no"`` ``"no"`` (converts None to False
|
|
if no mapping for None is given)
|
|
========== ====================== ==================================
|
|
|
|
Other tags and filter libraries
|
|
===============================
|
|
|
|
Django comes with a couple of other template-tag libraries that you have to
|
|
enable explicitly in your ``INSTALLED_APPS`` setting and enable in your
|
|
template with the ``{% load %}`` tag.
|
|
|
|
django.contrib.humanize
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
A set of Django template filters useful for adding a "human touch" to data. See
|
|
:ref:`ref-contrib-humanize`.
|
|
|
|
django.contrib.markup
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
A collection of template filters that implement these common markup languages:
|
|
|
|
* Textile
|
|
* Markdown
|
|
* ReST (ReStructured Text)
|
|
|
|
See :ref:`ref-contrib-markup`.
|
|
|
|
django.contrib.webdesign
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
A collection of template tags that can be useful while designing a website,
|
|
such as a generator of Lorem Ipsum text. See :ref:`ref-contrib-webdesign`.
|