176 lines
6.2 KiB
Plaintext
176 lines
6.2 KiB
Plaintext
==========================================
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How to use Django with Apache and mod_wsgi
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==========================================
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Deploying Django with Apache_ and `mod_wsgi`_ is a tried and tested way to get
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Django into production.
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.. _Apache: http://httpd.apache.org/
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.. _mod_wsgi: http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/
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mod_wsgi is an Apache module which can host any Python WSGI_ application,
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including Django. Django will work with any version of Apache which supports
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mod_wsgi.
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.. _WSGI: http://www.wsgi.org
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The `official mod_wsgi documentation`_ is fantastic; it's your source for all
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the details about how to use mod_wsgi. You'll probably want to start with the
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`installation and configuration documentation`_.
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.. _official mod_wsgi documentation: http://www.modwsgi.org/
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.. _installation and configuration documentation: http://www.modwsgi.org/wiki/InstallationInstructions
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Basic configuration
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===================
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Once you've got mod_wsgi installed and activated, edit your Apache server's
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``httpd.conf`` file and add::
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WSGIScriptAlias / /path/to/mysite.com/mysite/wsgi.py
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WSGIPythonPath /path/to/mysite.com
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<Directory /path/to/mysite.com/mysite>
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<Files wsgi.py>
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Order deny,allow
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Allow from all
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</Files>
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</Directory>
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The first bit in the ``WSGIScriptAlias`` line is the base URL path you want to
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serve your application at (``/`` indicates the root url), and the second is the
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location of a "WSGI file" -- see below -- on your system, usually inside of
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your project package (``mysite`` in this example). This tells Apache to serve
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any request below the given URL using the WSGI application defined in that
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file.
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The ``WSGIPythonPath`` line ensures that your project package is available for
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import on the Python path; in other words, that ``import mysite`` works.
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The ``<Directory>`` piece just ensures that Apache can access your
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:file:`wsgi.py` file.
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Next we'll need to ensure this :file:`wsgi.py` with a WSGI application object
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exists. As of Django version 1.4, :djadmin:`startproject` will have created one
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for you; otherwise, you'll need to create it. See the :doc:`WSGI overview
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documentation</howto/deployment/wsgi/index>` for the default contents you
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should put in this file, and what else you can add to it.
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Using a virtualenv
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==================
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If you install your project's Python dependencies inside a `virtualenv`_,
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you'll need to add the path to this virtualenv's ``site-packages`` directory to
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your Python path as well. To do this, you can add another line to your
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Apache configuration::
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WSGIPythonPath /path/to/your/venv/lib/python2.X/site-packages
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Make sure you give the correct path to your virtualenv, and replace
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``python2.X`` with the correct Python version (e.g. ``python2.7``).
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.. _virtualenv: http://www.virtualenv.org
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Using mod_wsgi daemon mode
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==========================
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"Daemon mode" is the recommended mode for running mod_wsgi (on non-Windows
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platforms). See the `official mod_wsgi documentation`_ for details on setting
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up daemon mode. The only change required to the above configuration if you use
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daemon mode is that you can't use ``WSGIPythonPath``; instead you should use
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the ``python-path`` option to ``WSGIDaemonProcess``, for example::
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WSGIDaemonProcess example.com python-path=/path/to/mysite.com:/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages
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.. _serving-files:
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Serving files
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=============
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Django doesn't serve files itself; it leaves that job to whichever Web
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server you choose.
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We recommend using a separate Web server -- i.e., one that's not also running
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Django -- for serving media. Here are some good choices:
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* lighttpd_
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* Nginx_
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* TUX_
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* A stripped-down version of Apache_
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* Cherokee_
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If, however, you have no option but to serve media files on the same Apache
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``VirtualHost`` as Django, you can set up Apache to serve some URLs as
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static media, and others using the mod_wsgi interface to Django.
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This example sets up Django at the site root, but explicitly serves
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``robots.txt``, ``favicon.ico``, any CSS file, and anything in the
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``/static/`` and ``/media/`` URL space as a static file. All other URLs
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will be served using mod_wsgi::
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Alias /robots.txt /path/to/mysite.com/static/robots.txt
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Alias /favicon.ico /path/to/mysite.com/static/favicon.ico
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AliasMatch ^/([^/]*\.css) /path/to/mysite.com/static/styles/$1
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Alias /media/ /path/to/mysite.com/media/
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Alias /static/ /path/to/mysite.com/static/
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<Directory /path/to/mysite.com/static>
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Order deny,allow
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Allow from all
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</Directory>
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<Directory /path/to/mysite.com/media>
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Order deny,allow
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Allow from all
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</Directory>
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WSGIScriptAlias / /path/to/mysite.com/mysite/wsgi.py
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<Directory /path/to/mysite.com/mysite>
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<Files wsgi.py>
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Order allow,deny
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Allow from all
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</Files>
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</Directory>
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.. _lighttpd: http://www.lighttpd.net/
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.. _Nginx: http://wiki.nginx.org/Main
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.. _TUX: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUX_web_server
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.. _Apache: http://httpd.apache.org/
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.. _Cherokee: http://www.cherokee-project.com/
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.. More details on configuring a mod_wsgi site to serve static files can be found
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.. in the mod_wsgi documentation on `hosting static files`_.
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.. _hosting static files: http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/ConfigurationGuidelines#Hosting_Of_Static_Files
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.. _serving-the-admin-files:
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Serving the admin files
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=======================
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Note that the Django development server automatically serves the static files
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of the admin app (and any other installed apps), but this is not the case when
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you use any other server arrangement. You're responsible for setting up Apache,
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or whichever media server you're using, to serve the admin files.
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The admin files live in (:file:`django/contrib/admin/static/admin`) of the
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Django distribution.
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We **strongly** recommend using :mod:`django.contrib.staticfiles` (along with
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a Web server as outlined in the previous section) to handle the admin files, but
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here are three other approaches:
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1. Create a symbolic link to the admin static files from within your
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document root (this may require ``+FollowSymLinks`` in your Apache
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configuration).
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2. Use an ``Alias`` directive, as demonstrated above, to alias the appropriate
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URL (probably :setting:`STATIC_URL` + `admin/`) to the actual location of
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the admin files.
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3. Copy the admin static files so that they live within your Apache
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document root.
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