823 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
823 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
==========================
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GIS QuerySet API Reference
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==========================
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.. currentmodule:: django.contrib.gis.db.models
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.. _spatial-lookups:
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Spatial Lookups
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===============
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The spatial lookups in this section are available for :class:`GeometryField`
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and :class:`RasterField`.
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For an introduction, see the :ref:`spatial lookups introduction
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<spatial-lookups-intro>`. For an overview of what lookups are
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compatible with a particular spatial backend, refer to the
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:ref:`spatial lookup compatibility table <spatial-lookup-compatibility>`.
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Lookups with rasters
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--------------------
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All examples in the reference below are given for geometry fields and inputs,
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but the lookups can be used the same way with rasters on both sides. Whenever
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a lookup doesn't support raster input, the input is automatically
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converted to a geometry where necessary using the `ST_Polygon
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<http://postgis.net/docs/RT_ST_Polygon.html>`_ function. See also the
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:ref:`introduction to raster lookups <spatial-lookup-raster>`.
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The database operators used by the lookups can be divided into three categories:
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- Native raster support ``N``: the operator accepts rasters natively on both
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sides of the lookup, and raster input can be mixed with geometry inputs.
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- Bilateral raster support ``B``: the operator supports rasters only if both
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sides of the lookup receive raster inputs. Raster data is automatically
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converted to geometries for mixed lookups.
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- Geometry conversion support ``C``. The lookup does not have native raster
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support, all raster data is automatically converted to geometries.
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The examples below show the SQL equivalent for the lookups in the different
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types of raster support. The same pattern applies to all spatial lookups.
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==== ============================== =======================================================
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Case Lookup SQL Equivalent
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==== ============================== =======================================================
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N, B ``rast__contains=rst`` ``ST_Contains(rast, rst)``
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N, B ``rast__1__contains=(rst, 2)`` ``ST_Contains(rast, 1, rst, 2)``
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B, C ``rast__contains=geom`` ``ST_Contains(ST_Polygon(rast), geom)``
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B, C ``rast__1__contains=geom`` ``ST_Contains(ST_Polygon(rast, 1), geom)``
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B, C ``poly__contains=rst`` ``ST_Contains(poly, ST_Polygon(rst))``
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B, C ``poly__contains=(rst, 1)`` ``ST_Contains(poly, ST_Polygon(rst, 1))``
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C ``rast__crosses=rst`` ``ST_Crosses(ST_Polygon(rast), ST_Polygon(rst))``
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C ``rast__1__crosses=(rst, 2)`` ``ST_Crosses(ST_Polygon(rast, 1), ST_Polygon(rst, 2))``
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C ``rast__crosses=geom`` ``ST_Crosses(ST_Polygon(rast), geom)``
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C ``poly__crosses=rst`` ``ST_Crosses(poly, ST_Polygon(rst))``
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==== ============================== =======================================================
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Spatial lookups with rasters are only supported for PostGIS backends
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(denominated as PGRaster in this section).
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.. fieldlookup:: bbcontains
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``bbcontains``
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--------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Native)
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Tests if the geometry or raster field's bounding box completely contains the
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lookup geometry's bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__bbcontains=geom)
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========== ==========================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== ==========================
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PostGIS ``poly ~ geom``
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MySQL ``MBRContains(poly, geom)``
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SpatiaLite ``MbrContains(poly, geom)``
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========== ==========================
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.. fieldlookup:: bboverlaps
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``bboverlaps``
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--------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Native)
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Tests if the geometry field's bounding box overlaps the lookup geometry's
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bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__bboverlaps=geom)
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========== ==========================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== ==========================
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PostGIS ``poly && geom``
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MySQL ``MBROverlaps(poly, geom)``
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SpatiaLite ``MbrOverlaps(poly, geom)``
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========== ==========================
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.. fieldlookup:: contained
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``contained``
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-------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Native)
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Tests if the geometry field's bounding box is completely contained by the
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lookup geometry's bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__contained=geom)
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========== ==========================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== ==========================
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PostGIS ``poly @ geom``
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MySQL ``MBRWithin(poly, geom)``
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SpatiaLite ``MbrWithin(poly, geom)``
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========== ==========================
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.. fieldlookup:: gis-contains
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``contains``
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------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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Tests if the geometry field spatially contains the lookup geometry.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__contains=geom)
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========== ============================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== ============================
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PostGIS ``ST_Contains(poly, geom)``
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Oracle ``SDO_CONTAINS(poly, geom)``
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MySQL ``MBRContains(poly, geom)``
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SpatiaLite ``Contains(poly, geom)``
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========== ============================
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.. fieldlookup:: contains_properly
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``contains_properly``
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---------------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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Returns true if the lookup geometry intersects the interior of the
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geometry field, but not the boundary (or exterior). [#fncontainsproperly]_
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__contains_properly=geom)
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========== ===================================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== ===================================
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PostGIS ``ST_ContainsProperly(poly, geom)``
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========== ===================================
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.. fieldlookup:: coveredby
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``coveredby``
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-------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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Tests if no point in the geometry field is outside the lookup geometry.
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[#fncovers]_
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__coveredby=geom)
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========== =============================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== =============================
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PostGIS ``ST_CoveredBy(poly, geom)``
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Oracle ``SDO_COVEREDBY(poly, geom)``
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========== =============================
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.. fieldlookup:: covers
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``covers``
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----------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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Tests if no point in the lookup geometry is outside the geometry field.
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[#fncovers]_
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__covers=geom)
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========== ==========================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== ==========================
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PostGIS ``ST_Covers(poly, geom)``
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Oracle ``SDO_COVERS(poly, geom)``
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========== ==========================
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.. fieldlookup:: crosses
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``crosses``
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-----------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Conversion)
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Tests if the geometry field spatially crosses the lookup geometry.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__crosses=geom)
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========== ==========================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== ==========================
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PostGIS ``ST_Crosses(poly, geom)``
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SpatiaLite ``Crosses(poly, geom)``
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========== ==========================
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.. fieldlookup:: disjoint
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``disjoint``
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------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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Tests if the geometry field is spatially disjoint from the lookup geometry.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__disjoint=geom)
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========== =================================================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== =================================================
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PostGIS ``ST_Disjoint(poly, geom)``
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Oracle ``SDO_GEOM.RELATE(poly, 'DISJOINT', geom, 0.05)``
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MySQL ``MBRDisjoint(poly, geom)``
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SpatiaLite ``Disjoint(poly, geom)``
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========== =================================================
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.. fieldlookup:: equals
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``equals``
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----------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Conversion)
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.. fieldlookup:: exact
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.. fieldlookup:: same_as
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``exact``, ``same_as``
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----------------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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.. fieldlookup:: intersects
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``intersects``
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--------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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Tests if the geometry field spatially intersects the lookup geometry.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__intersects=geom)
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========== =================================================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== =================================================
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PostGIS ``ST_Intersects(poly, geom)``
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Oracle ``SDO_OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT(poly, geom)``
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MySQL ``MBRIntersects(poly, geom)``
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SpatiaLite ``Intersects(poly, geom)``
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========== =================================================
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.. fieldlookup:: isvalid
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``isvalid``
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-----------
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*Availability*: PostGIS
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Tests if the geometry is valid.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__isvalid=True)
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PostGIS equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE ST_IsValid(poly)
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.. fieldlookup:: overlaps
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``overlaps``
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------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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.. fieldlookup:: relate
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``relate``
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----------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Conversion)
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Tests if the geometry field is spatially related to the lookup geometry by
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the values given in the given pattern. This lookup requires a tuple parameter,
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``(geom, pattern)``; the form of ``pattern`` will depend on the spatial backend:
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PostGIS & SpatiaLite
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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On these spatial backends the intersection pattern is a string comprising
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nine characters, which define intersections between the interior, boundary,
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and exterior of the geometry field and the lookup geometry.
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The intersection pattern matrix may only use the following characters:
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``1``, ``2``, ``T``, ``F``, or ``*``. This lookup type allows users to "fine tune"
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a specific geometric relationship consistent with the DE-9IM model. [#fnde9im]_
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Geometry example::
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# A tuple lookup parameter is used to specify the geometry and
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# the intersection pattern (the pattern here is for 'contains').
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__relate=(geom, 'T*T***FF*'))
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PostGIS SQL equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE ST_Relate(poly, geom, 'T*T***FF*')
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SpatiaLite SQL equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE Relate(poly, geom, 'T*T***FF*')
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Raster example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__relate=(rast, 1, 'T*T***FF*'))
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Zipcode.objects.filter(rast__2__relate=(rast, 1, 'T*T***FF*'))
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PostGIS SQL equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE ST_Relate(poly, ST_Polygon(rast, 1), 'T*T***FF*')
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SELECT ... WHERE ST_Relate(ST_Polygon(rast, 2), ST_Polygon(rast, 1), 'T*T***FF*')
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Oracle
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~~~~~~
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Here the relation pattern is comprised of at least one of the nine relation
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strings: ``TOUCH``, ``OVERLAPBDYDISJOINT``, ``OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT``,
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``EQUAL``, ``INSIDE``, ``COVEREDBY``, ``CONTAINS``, ``COVERS``, ``ON``, and
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``ANYINTERACT``. Multiple strings may be combined with the logical Boolean
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operator OR, for example, ``'inside+touch'``. [#fnsdorelate]_ The relation
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strings are case-insensitive.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__relate=(geom, 'anyinteract'))
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Oracle SQL equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE SDO_RELATE(poly, geom, 'anyinteract')
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.. fieldlookup:: touches
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``touches``
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-----------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, MySQL, SpatiaLite
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Tests if the geometry field spatially touches the lookup geometry.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__touches=geom)
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========== ==========================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== ==========================
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PostGIS ``ST_Touches(poly, geom)``
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MySQL ``MBRTouches(poly, geom)``
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Oracle ``SDO_TOUCH(poly, geom)``
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SpatiaLite ``Touches(poly, geom)``
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========== ==========================
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.. fieldlookup:: within
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``within``
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----------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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Tests if the geometry field is spatially within the lookup geometry.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__within=geom)
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========== ==========================
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Backend SQL Equivalent
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========== ==========================
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PostGIS ``ST_Within(poly, geom)``
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MySQL ``MBRWithin(poly, geom)``
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Oracle ``SDO_INSIDE(poly, geom)``
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SpatiaLite ``Within(poly, geom)``
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========== ==========================
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.. fieldlookup:: left
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``left``
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--------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)
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Tests if the geometry field's bounding box is strictly to the left of the
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lookup geometry's bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__left=geom)
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PostGIS equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE poly << geom
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.. fieldlookup:: right
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``right``
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---------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)
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Tests if the geometry field's bounding box is strictly to the right of the
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lookup geometry's bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__right=geom)
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PostGIS equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE poly >> geom
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.. fieldlookup:: overlaps_left
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``overlaps_left``
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-----------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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Tests if the geometry field's bounding box overlaps or is to the left of the lookup
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geometry's bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__overlaps_left=geom)
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PostGIS equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE poly &< geom
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.. fieldlookup:: overlaps_right
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``overlaps_right``
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------------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, PGRaster (Bilateral)
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Tests if the geometry field's bounding box overlaps or is to the right of the lookup
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geometry's bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__overlaps_right=geom)
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PostGIS equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE poly &> geom
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.. fieldlookup:: overlaps_above
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``overlaps_above``
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------------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)
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Tests if the geometry field's bounding box overlaps or is above the lookup
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geometry's bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__overlaps_above=geom)
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PostGIS equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE poly |&> geom
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.. fieldlookup:: overlaps_below
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``overlaps_below``
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------------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)
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Tests if the geometry field's bounding box overlaps or is below the lookup
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geometry's bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__overlaps_below=geom)
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PostGIS equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE poly &<| geom
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.. fieldlookup:: strictly_above
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``strictly_above``
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------------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)
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Tests if the geometry field's bounding box is strictly above the lookup
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geometry's bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__strictly_above=geom)
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PostGIS equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE poly |>> geom
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.. fieldlookup:: strictly_below
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``strictly_below``
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------------------
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*Availability*: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)
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Tests if the geometry field's bounding box is strictly below the lookup
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geometry's bounding box.
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Example::
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Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__strictly_below=geom)
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PostGIS equivalent::
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SELECT ... WHERE poly <<| geom
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.. _distance-lookups:
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Distance Lookups
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================
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*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Native)
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For an overview on performing distance queries, please refer to
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the :ref:`distance queries introduction <distance-queries>`.
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Distance lookups take the following form::
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<field>__<distance lookup>=(<geometry/raster>, <distance value>[, 'spheroid'])
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<field>__<distance lookup>=(<raster>, <band_index>, <distance value>[, 'spheroid'])
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<field>__<band_index>__<distance lookup>=(<raster>, <band_index>, <distance value>[, 'spheroid'])
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The value passed into a distance lookup is a tuple; the first two
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values are mandatory, and are the geometry to calculate distances to,
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and a distance value (either a number in units of the field, a
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:class:`~django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance` object, or a `query expression
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<ref/models/expressions>`). To pass a band index to the lookup, use a 3-tuple
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where the second entry is the band index.
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On every distance lookup except :lookup:`dwithin`, an optional element,
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``'spheroid'``, may be included to use the more accurate spheroid distance
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calculation functions on fields with a geodetic coordinate system.
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On PostgreSQL, the ``'spheroid'`` option uses ``ST_Distance_Spheroid`` instead
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|
of ``ST_Distance_Sphere``. The simpler ``ST_Distance`` function is used with
|
|
projected coordinate systems. Rasters are converted to geometries for spheroid
|
|
based lookups.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.11
|
|
|
|
Support for the ``'spheroid'`` option on SQLite was added.
|
|
|
|
.. fieldlookup:: distance_gt
|
|
|
|
``distance_gt``
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
Returns models where the distance to the geometry field from the lookup
|
|
geometry is greater than the given distance value.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__distance_gt=(geom, D(m=5)))
|
|
|
|
========== ==================================================
|
|
Backend SQL Equivalent
|
|
========== ==================================================
|
|
PostGIS ``ST_Distance/ST_Distance_Sphere(poly, geom) > 5``
|
|
Oracle ``SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(poly, geom, 0.05) > 5``
|
|
SpatiaLite ``Distance(poly, geom) > 5``
|
|
========== ==================================================
|
|
|
|
.. fieldlookup:: distance_gte
|
|
|
|
``distance_gte``
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
Returns models where the distance to the geometry field from the lookup
|
|
geometry is greater than or equal to the given distance value.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__distance_gte=(geom, D(m=5)))
|
|
|
|
========== ===================================================
|
|
Backend SQL Equivalent
|
|
========== ===================================================
|
|
PostGIS ``ST_Distance/ST_Distance_Sphere(poly, geom) >= 5``
|
|
Oracle ``SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(poly, geom, 0.05) >= 5``
|
|
SpatiaLite ``Distance(poly, geom) >= 5``
|
|
========== ===================================================
|
|
|
|
.. fieldlookup:: distance_lt
|
|
|
|
``distance_lt``
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
Returns models where the distance to the geometry field from the lookup
|
|
geometry is less than the given distance value.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__distance_lt=(geom, D(m=5)))
|
|
|
|
========== ==================================================
|
|
Backend SQL Equivalent
|
|
========== ==================================================
|
|
PostGIS ``ST_Distance/ST_Distance_Sphere(poly, geom) < 5``
|
|
Oracle ``SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(poly, geom, 0.05) < 5``
|
|
SpatiaLite ``Distance(poly, geom) < 5``
|
|
========== ==================================================
|
|
|
|
.. fieldlookup:: distance_lte
|
|
|
|
``distance_lte``
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
Returns models where the distance to the geometry field from the lookup
|
|
geometry is less than or equal to the given distance value.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__distance_lte=(geom, D(m=5)))
|
|
|
|
========== ===================================================
|
|
Backend SQL Equivalent
|
|
========== ===================================================
|
|
PostGIS ``ST_Distance/ST_Distance_Sphere(poly, geom) <= 5``
|
|
Oracle ``SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(poly, geom, 0.05) <= 5``
|
|
SpatiaLite ``Distance(poly, geom) <= 5``
|
|
========== ===================================================
|
|
|
|
.. fieldlookup:: dwithin
|
|
|
|
``dwithin``
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Returns models where the distance to the geometry field from the lookup
|
|
geometry are within the given distance from one another. Note that you can only
|
|
provide :class:`~django.contrib.gis.measure.Distance` objects if the targeted
|
|
geometries are in a projected system. For geographic geometries, you should use
|
|
units of the geometry field (e.g. degrees for ``WGS84``) .
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__dwithin=(geom, D(m=5)))
|
|
|
|
========== ======================================
|
|
Backend SQL Equivalent
|
|
========== ======================================
|
|
PostGIS ``ST_DWithin(poly, geom, 5)``
|
|
Oracle ``SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE(poly, geom, 5)``
|
|
SpatiaLite ``PtDistWithin(poly, geom, 5)``
|
|
========== ======================================
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.11
|
|
|
|
SpatiaLite support was added.
|
|
|
|
Aggregate Functions
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
Django provides some GIS-specific aggregate functions. For details on how to
|
|
use these aggregate functions, see :doc:`the topic guide on aggregation
|
|
</topics/db/aggregation>`.
|
|
|
|
===================== =====================================================
|
|
Keyword Argument Description
|
|
===================== =====================================================
|
|
``tolerance`` This keyword is for Oracle only. It is for the
|
|
tolerance value used by the ``SDOAGGRTYPE``
|
|
procedure; the `Oracle documentation`__ has more
|
|
details.
|
|
===================== =====================================================
|
|
|
|
__ https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SPATL/GUID-3BD00273-E74F-4830-9444-A3BB15AA0AC4.htm#SPATL466
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
>>> from django.contrib.gis.db.models import Extent, Union
|
|
>>> WorldBorder.objects.aggregate(Extent('mpoly'), Union('mpoly'))
|
|
|
|
``Collect``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: Collect(geo_field)
|
|
|
|
*Availability*: PostGIS, SpatiaLite
|
|
|
|
Returns a ``GEOMETRYCOLLECTION`` or a ``MULTI`` geometry object from the geometry
|
|
column. This is analogous to a simplified version of the :class:`Union`
|
|
aggregate, except it can be several orders of magnitude faster than performing
|
|
a union because it simply rolls up geometries into a collection or multi object,
|
|
not caring about dissolving boundaries.
|
|
|
|
``Extent``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: Extent(geo_field)
|
|
|
|
*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
|
|
|
|
Returns the extent of all ``geo_field`` in the ``QuerySet`` as a four-tuple,
|
|
comprising the lower left coordinate and the upper right coordinate.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
>>> qs = City.objects.filter(name__in=('Houston', 'Dallas')).aggregate(Extent('poly'))
|
|
>>> print(qs['poly__extent'])
|
|
(-96.8016128540039, 29.7633724212646, -95.3631439208984, 32.782058715820)
|
|
|
|
``Extent3D``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: Extent3D(geo_field)
|
|
|
|
*Availability*: PostGIS
|
|
|
|
Returns the 3D extent of all ``geo_field`` in the ``QuerySet`` as a six-tuple,
|
|
comprising the lower left coordinate and upper right coordinate (each with x, y,
|
|
and z coordinates).
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
>>> qs = City.objects.filter(name__in=('Houston', 'Dallas')).aggregate(Extent3D('poly'))
|
|
>>> print(qs['poly__extent3d'])
|
|
(-96.8016128540039, 29.7633724212646, 0, -95.3631439208984, 32.782058715820, 0)
|
|
|
|
``MakeLine``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: MakeLine(geo_field)
|
|
|
|
*Availability*: PostGIS, SpatiaLite
|
|
|
|
Returns a ``LineString`` constructed from the point field geometries in the
|
|
``QuerySet``. Currently, ordering the queryset has no effect.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
>>> qs = City.objects.filter(name__in=('Houston', 'Dallas')).aggregate(MakeLine('poly'))
|
|
>>> print(qs['poly__makeline'])
|
|
LINESTRING (-95.3631510000000020 29.7633739999999989, -96.8016109999999941 32.7820570000000018)
|
|
|
|
``Union``
|
|
~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. class:: Union(geo_field)
|
|
|
|
*Availability*: PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
|
|
|
|
This method returns a :class:`~django.contrib.gis.geos.GEOSGeometry` object
|
|
comprising the union of every geometry in the queryset. Please note that use of
|
|
``Union`` is processor intensive and may take a significant amount of time on
|
|
large querysets.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
If the computation time for using this method is too expensive, consider
|
|
using :class:`Collect` instead.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
>>> u = Zipcode.objects.aggregate(Union(poly)) # This may take a long time.
|
|
>>> u = Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__within=bbox).aggregate(Union(poly)) # A more sensible approach.
|
|
|
|
.. rubric:: Footnotes
|
|
.. [#fnde9im] *See* `OpenGIS Simple Feature Specification For SQL <http://www.opengis.org/docs/99-049.pdf>`_, at Ch. 2.1.13.2, p. 2-13 (The Dimensionally Extended Nine-Intersection Model).
|
|
.. [#fnsdorelate] *See* `SDO_RELATE documentation <https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SPATL/GUID-97C17C18-F05E-49B4-BE11-E89B972E2A02.htm#SPATL1039>`_, from the Oracle Spatial and Graph Developer's Guide.
|
|
.. [#fncovers] For an explanation of this routine, read `Quirks of the "Contains" Spatial Predicate <http://lin-ear-th-inking.blogspot.com/2007/06/subtleties-of-ogc-covers-spatial.html>`_ by Martin Davis (a PostGIS developer).
|
|
.. [#fncontainsproperly] Refer to the PostGIS ``ST_ContainsProperly`` `documentation <http://postgis.net/docs/ST_ContainsProperly.html>`_ for more details.
|