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fix typos in docs/

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chenfeiyu 2020-03-10 03:01:48 +00:00
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36
docs/data.md
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The most important concepts of `parakeet.data` are `DatasetMixin`, `DataCargo`,
## Dataset
Dataset, as we assume here, is a list of examples. You can get its length by `len(dataset)`(which means it length is known, and we have to implement `__len__()` method for it). And you can access its items randomly by `dataset[i]`(which means we have to implement `__getitem__()` method for it). Furthermore, you can iterate over it by `iter(dataset)` or `for example in dataset`, which means we have to implement `__iter__()` method for it.
Dataset, as we assume here, is a list of examples. You can get its length by `len(dataset)`(which means its length is known, and we have to implement `__len__()` method for it). And you can access its items randomly by `dataset[i]`(which means we have to implement `__getitem__()` method for it). Furthermore, you can iterate over it by `iter(dataset)` or `for example in dataset`, which means we have to implement `__iter__()` method for it.
### DatasetMixin
@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ We also define several high-order Dataset classes, the obejcts of which can be b
### TupleDataset
Dataset that is a combination of sevral datasets of the same length. An example of a `Tupledataset` is a tuple of examples of its constituent datasets.
Dataset that is a combination of several datasets of the same length. An example of a `Tupledataset` is a tuple of examples of its constituent datasets.
### DictDataset
Dataset that is a combination of sevral datasets of the same length. An example of the `Dictdataset` is a dict of examples of its constituent datasets.
Dataset that is a combination of several datasets of the same length. An example of the `Dictdataset` is a dict of examples of its constituent datasets.
### SliceDataset
@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ Dataset that is a combination of sevral datasets of the same length. An example
### TransformDataset
A `TransformeDataset` is created by applying a `transform` to the base dataset. The `transform` is a callable object which takes an `example` of the base dataset as parameter and returns an `example` of the `TransformDataset`. The transformation is lazy, which means it is applied to an example only when requested.
A `TransformeDataset` is created by applying a `transform` to the examples of the base dataset. The `transform` is a callable object which takes an example of the base dataset as parameter and returns an example of the `TransformDataset`. The transformation is lazy, which means it is applied to an example only when requested.
### FilterDataset
A `FilterDataset` is created by applying a `filter` to the base dataset. A `filter` is a predicate that takes an `example` of the base dataset as parameter and returns a boolean. Only those examples that pass the filter are included in the `FilterDataset`.
A `FilterDataset` is created by applying a `filter` to the base dataset. A `filter` is a predicate that takes an example of the base dataset as parameter and returns a boolean. Only those examples that pass the filter are included in the `FilterDataset`.
Note that the filter is applied to all the examples in the base dataset when initializing a `FilterDataset`.
@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ Finally, if preprocessing the dataset is slow and the processed dataset is too l
## DataCargo
`DataCargo`, like `Dataset`, is an iterable object, but it is an iterable oject of batches. We need `Datacargo` because in deep learning, batching examples into batches exploits the computational resources of modern hardwares. You can iterate it by `iter(datacargo)` or `for batch in datacargo`. `DataCargo` is an iterable object but not an iterator, in that in can be iterated more than once.
`DataCargo`, like `Dataset`, is an iterable object, but it is an iterable oject of batches. We need `Datacargo` because in deep learning, batching examples into batches exploits the computational resources of modern hardwares. You can iterate over it by `iter(datacargo)` or `for batch in datacargo`. `DataCargo` is an iterable object but not an iterator, in that in can be iterated over more than once.
### batch function
The concept of `batch` is something transformed from a list of examples. Assume that an example is a structure(tuple in python, or struct in C and C++) consists of several fields, then a list of examples is an array of structures(AOS, e.g. a dataset is an AOS). Then a batch here is a structure of arrays (SOA). Here is an example:
The concept of a `batch` is something transformed from a list of examples. Assume that an example is a structure(tuple in python, or struct in C and C++) consists of several fields, then a list of examples is an array of structures(AOS, e.g. a dataset is an AOS). Then a batch here is a structure of arrays (SOA). Here is an example:
The table below represents 2 examples, each of which contains 5 fields.
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Equipped with a batch function(we have known __how to batch__), here comes the n
A `Sampler` is represented as an iterable object of integers. Assume the dataset has `N` examples, then an iterable object of intergers in the range`[0, N)` is an appropriate sampler for this dataset to build a `DataCargo`.
We provide several samplers that is ready to use. The `SequentialSampler`, `RandomSampler` and so on.
We provide several samplers that are ready to use, for example, `SequentialSampler` and `RandomSampler`.
## DataIterator
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ valid_cargo = DataCargo(
sampler=SequentialSampler(ljspeech_valid))
```
Here comes the next question, how to bring batches into Paddle's computation. Do we need some adaptor to transform numpy.ndarray into Paddle's native Variable type? Yes.
Here comes the next question, how to bring batches into Paddle's computation. Do we need some adapter to transform numpy.ndarray into Paddle's native Variable type? Yes.
First we can use `var = dg.to_variable(array)` to transform ndarray into Variable.
@ -326,16 +326,16 @@ for batch in train_cargo:
In the code above, processing of the data and training of the model run in the same process. So the next batch starts to load after the training of the current batch has finished. There is actually better solutions for this. Data processing and model training can be run asynchronously. To accomplish this, we would use `DataLoader` from Paddle. This serves as an adapter to transform an iterable object of batches into another iterable object of batches, which runs asynchronously and transform each ndarray into `Variable`.
```python
# connects our data cargos with corresponding DataLoader
# connect our data cargos with corresponding DataLoader
# now the data cargo is connected with paddle
with dg.guard(place):
train_loader = fluid.io.DataLoader.from_generator(
capacity=10,return_list=True).set_batch_generator(train_cargo, place)
valid_loader = fluid.io.DataLoader.from_generator(
capacity=10, return_list=True).set_batch_generator(valid_cargo, place)
train_loader = fluid.io.DataLoader.from_generator(
capacity=10,return_list=True).set_batch_generator(train_cargo, place)
valid_loader = fluid.io.DataLoader.from_generator(
capacity=10, return_list=True).set_batch_generator(valid_cargo, place)
# iterate over the dataloader
for batch in train_loader:
audios, mels, audio_starts = batch
# your trains cript here
# iterate over the dataloader
for batch in train_loader:
audios, mels, audio_starts = batch
# your trains cript here
```

20
docs/experiment_guide.md
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
For a general deep learning experiment, there are 4 parts to care for.
1. Preprocess dataset to meet the needs for model training and iterate them in batches;
1. Preprocess dataset to meet the needs for model training and iterate over them in batches;
2. Define the model and the optimizer;
3. Write the training process (including forward-backward computation, parameter update, logging, evaluation, etc.)
4. Configure and launch the experiment.
@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ For processing data, `parakeet.data` provides `DatasetMixin`, `DataCargo` and `D
Dataset is an iterable object of examples. `DatasetMixin` provides the standard indexing interface, and other classes in [parakeet.data.dataset](../parakeet/data/dataset.py) provide flexible interfaces for building customized datasets.
`DataCargo` is an iterable object of batches. It differs from a dataset in that it can be iterated in batches. In addition to a dataset, a `Sampler` and a `batch function` are required to build a `DataCargo`. `Sampler` specifies which examples to pick, and `batch function` specifies how to create a batch from them. Commonly used `Samplers` are provides by [parakeet.data](../parakeet/data/). Users should define a `batch function` for a datasets, in order to batch its examples.
`DataCargo` is an iterable object of batches. It differs from a dataset in that it can be iterated over in batches. In addition to a dataset, a `Sampler` and a `batch function` are required to build a `DataCargo`. `Sampler` specifies which examples to pick, and `batch function` specifies how to create a batch from them. Commonly used `Samplers` are provided by [parakeet.data](../parakeet/data/). Users should define a `batch function` for a datasets, in order to batch its examples.
`DataIterator` is an iterator class for `DataCargo`. It is create when explicitly creating an iterator of a `DataCargo` by `iter(DataCargo)`, or iterating a `DataCargo` with `for` loop.
`DataIterator` is an iterator class for `DataCargo`. It is create when explicitly creating an iterator of a `DataCargo` by `iter(DataCargo)`, or iterating over a `DataCargo` with `for` loop.
Data processing is splited into two phases: sample-level processing and batching.
1. Sample-level processing. This process is transforming an example into another example. This process can be defined as `get_example()` method of a dataset, or as a `transform` (callable object) and build a `TransformDataset` with it.
1. Sample-level processing. This process is transforming an example into another. This process can be defined as `get_example()` method of a dataset, or as a `transform` (callable object) and build a `TransformDataset` with it.
2. Batching. It is the process of transforming a list of examples into a batch. The rationale is to transform an array of structures into a structure of arrays. We generally define a batch function (or a callable object) to do this.
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ The user need to define a customized transform and a batch function to accomplis
## Model
Parakeet provides commonly used functions, modules and models for the users to define their own models. Functions contains no trainable `Parameter`s, and are used in modules and models. Modules and modes are subclasses of `fluid.dygraph.Layer`. The distinction is that `module`s tend to be generic, simple and highly reusable, while `model`s tend to be task-sepcific, complicated and not that reusable. Some models are so complicated that we extract building blocks from it as separate classes but if these building blocks are not common and reusable enough, they are considered as submodels.
Parakeet provides commonly used functions, modules and models for the users to define their own models. Functions contain no trainable `Parameter`s, and are used in modules and models. Modules and modes are subclasses of `fluid.dygraph.Layer`. The distinction is that `module`s tend to be generic, simple and highly reusable, while `model`s tend to be task-sepcific, complicated and not that reusable. Some models are so complicated that we extract building blocks from it as separate classes but if these building blocks are not common and reusable enough, they are considered as submodels.
In the structure of the project, modules are placed in [parakeet.modules](../parakeet/modules/), while models are in [parakeet.models](../parakeet/models) and grouped into folders like `waveflow` and `wavenet`, which include the whole model and their submodels.
@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ Training process is basically running a training loop for multiple times. A typi
4. Updating Parameters;
5. Evaluating the model on validation dataset;
6. Logging or saving intermediate results;
7. Saving checkpoint of the model and the optimizer.
7. Saving checkpoints of the model and the optimizer.
In section `DataProcrssing` we have cover 1 and 2.
In section `DataProcessing` we have cover 1 and 2.
`Model` and `Optimizer` cover 3 and 4.
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ To keep the training loop clear, it's a good idea to define functions for saving
Code is typically organized in this way:
```text
├── configs (example configuration)
├── configs/ (example configuration)
├── data.py (definition of custom Dataset, transform and batch function)
├── README.md (README for the experiment)
├── synthesis.py (code for inference)
@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ Code is typically organized in this way:
## Configuration
Deep learning experiments have many options to configure. These configurations can be roughly grouped into different types: configurations about path of the dataset and path to save results, configurations about how to process data, configuration about the model and configurations about the training process.
Deep learning experiments have many options to configure. These configurations can be roughly grouped into different types: configurations about path of the dataset and path to save results, configurations about how to process data, configurations about the model and configurations about the training process.
Some configurations tend to change when running the code at different times, for example, path of the data and path to save results and whether to load model before training, etc. For these configurations, it's better to define them as command line arguments. We use `argparse` to handle them.
Other groups of configuration may overlap with others. For example, data processing and model may have some common options. The recommended way is to save them as configuration files, for example, `yaml` or `json`. We prefer `yaml`, for it is more human-reabable.
Other groups of configurations may overlap with others. For example, data processing and model may have some common options. The recommended way is to save them as configuration files, for example, `yaml` or `json`. We prefer `yaml`, for it is more human-reabable.