技术文档与视频
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# 技术报告(作品类别:系统软件)
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## 1.设计方案
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Add QEMU support for XiUOS based on Cortex-M4
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- 分析操作系统启动流程并且确定移植方案
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<div align= "center">
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<img src = img/road.png width =1000>
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</div>
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如图,操作系统在启动时需进行一系列初始化操作,包括设置内存起止地址和大小,设置堆栈、指针等。这些操作随着主板的变化而变化。因此,为了将XiUOS移植到cortex-m4-emulator平台,需要针对该平台编写相应的初始化代码。增加 xiuos\Ubiquitous\XiUOS\board\cortex-m4-emulator 目录,目录包括cortex-m4初始化代码。
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- XiUOS 用cortex-m4-emulator编译
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修改 xiuos\Ubiquitous\XiUOS 文件夹下的 path_kernel.mk 、 Makefile 、 kconfig 和 xconfig.h
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修改 xiuos\Ubiquitous\XiUOS\arch\arm 文件下的 Makefile
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- 编译后的XiUOS在QEMU运行
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## 2.实现方案
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### 2.1 编译环境搭建
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#### 推荐使用:
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**操作系统:** ubuntu18.04 [https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop](https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop)
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更新`ubuntu 18.04`源的方法:(根据自身情况而定,可以不更改)
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第一步:打开sources.list文件
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```c
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sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
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```
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第二步:将以下内容复制到sources.list文件
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```c
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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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```
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第三步:更新源和系统软件
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```c
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get upgrade
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```
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**开发工具推荐使用 VSCode ,VScode下载地址为:** VSCode [https://code.visualstudio.com/](https://code.visualstudio.com/),推荐下载地址为 [http://vscode.cdn.azure.cn/stable/3c4e3df9e89829dce27b7b5c24508306b151f30d/code_1.55.2-1618307277_amd64.deb](http://vscode.cdn.azure.cn/stable/3c4e3df9e89829dce27b7b5c24508306b151f30d/code_1.55.2-1618307277_amd64.deb)
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#### 依赖包安装:
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```
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$ sudo apt install build-essential pkg-config git
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$ sudo apt install gcc make libncurses5-dev openssl libssl-dev bison flex libelf-dev autoconf libtool gperf libc6-dev
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```
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**XiUOS操作系统源码下载:** XiUOS [https://forgeplus.trustie.net/projects/xuos/xiuos](https://forgeplus.trustie.net/projects/xuos/xiuos)
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新建一个空文件夹并进入文件夹中,并下载源码,具体命令如下:
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```c
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mkdir test && cd test
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git clone https://git.trustie.net/xuos/xiuos.git
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```
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打开源码文件包可以看到以下目录:
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| 名称 | 说明 |
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| ----------- | ---------- |
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| application | 应用代码 |
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| board | 板级支持包 |
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| framework | 应用框架 |
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| fs | 文件系统 |
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| kernel | 内核源码 |
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| resources | 驱动文件 |
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| tool | 系统工具 |
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使用VScode打开代码,具体操作步骤为:在源码文件夹下打开系统终端,输入`code .`即可打开VScode开发环境,如下图所示:
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<div align= "center">
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<img src = img/vscode.jpg width =1000>
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</div>
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#### 裁减配置工具的下载
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裁减配置工具:
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**工具地址:** kconfig-frontends [https://forgeplus.trustie.net/projects/xuos/kconfig-frontends](https://forgeplus.trustie.net/projects/xuos/kconfig-frontends),下载与安装的具体命令如下:
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```c
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mkdir kfrontends && cd kfrontends
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git clone https://git.trustie.net/xuos/kconfig-frontends.git
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```
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下载源码后按以下步骤执行软件安装:
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```c
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cd kconfig-frontends
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./xs_build.sh
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```
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#### 编译工具链:
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ARM: arm-none-eabi(`gcc version 6.3.1`),默认安装到Ubuntu的/usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-,使用如下命令行下载和安装。
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```shell
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$ sudo apt install gcc-arm-none-eabi
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```
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### 2.2 XiUOS 用cortex-m4编译
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#### 编辑环境:`Ubuntu18.04`
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#### 编译工具链:`arm-none-eabi-gcc`
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使用`VScode`打开工程的方法有多种,本文介绍一种快捷键,在项目目录下将`code .`输入linux系统命令终端即可打开目标项目
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编译步骤:
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1.在VScode命令终端中执行以下命令,生成配置文件
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```c
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make BOARD=cortex-m4-emulator menuconfig
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```
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2.在menuconfig界面配置需要关闭和开启的功能,按回车键进入下级菜单,按Y键选中需要开启的功能,按N键选中需要关闭的功能,配置结束后保存并退出(本例旨在演示简单的输出例程,所以没有需要配置的选项,双击快捷键ESC退出配置)
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<div align= "center">
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<img src = img/menuconfig.png width =1000>
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</div>
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退出时选择`yes`保存上面所配置的内容,如下图所示:
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<div align= "center">
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<img src = img/menuconfig1.png width =1000>
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</div>
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3.继续执行以下命令,进行编译
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```
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make BOARD=cortex-m4-emulator
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```
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4.如果编译正确无误,会产生XiUOS_cortex-m4-emulator.elf、XiUOS_cortex-m4-emulator.bin文件。
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### 2.3 QEMU环境
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QEMU 是一个通用的开源模拟器和虚拟化工具。目前QEMU已经可以较完整的支持ARM cortex-m4架构。XiUOS同样支持运行在QEMU上
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| 硬件 | 描述 |
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| -------- | ------------- |
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| 芯片型号 | netduinoplus2 |
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| 架构 | cortex-m4 |
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| 主频 | 168MHz |
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| 片内SRAM | 100+KB |
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| 外设支持 | UART、GPIO |
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## 3.运行效果
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### 3.1 安装QEMU
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```
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sudo apt install qemu-system-arm
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```
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### 3.2 运行结果
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通过以下命令启动QEMU并加载XiUOS ELF文件
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```
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qemu-system-arm -machine netduinoplus2 -nographic -kernel build/XiUOS_cortex-m4-emulator.elf
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```
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QEMU运行起来后将会在终端上看到信息打印输出
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<div align= "center">
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<img src = img/terminal.png width =1000>
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</div>
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### 3.3 调试
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通过QEMU可以方便的对XiUOS进行调试,首先安装gdb调试工具
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```
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sudo apt install gdb-multiarch
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```
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并通过以下命令启动QEMU
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```
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qemu-system-arm -machine netduinoplus2 -nographic -kernel build/XiUOS_cortex-m4-emulator.elf -s -S
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```
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然后要重新开启另一个linux系统终端一个终端,执行`riscv-none-embed-gdb`命令
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```
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gdb-multiarch build/XiUOS_cortex-m4-emulator.elf -ex "target remote localhost:1234"
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```
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